Mercurial > hgrepos > Python > libs > ConfigMix
annotate doc/introduction.rst @ 190:3d273eb13565
Doc: Adjust the example in the introduction to the new custom association style
| author | Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de> |
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| date | Fri, 03 May 2019 19:49:59 +0200 |
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| 94 | 1 .. -*- coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil; -*- |
| 2 | |
| 3 .. _introduction: | |
| 4 | |
| 5 Introduction | |
| 6 ============ | |
| 7 | |
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8 .. contents:: |
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9 :local: |
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10 |
| 94 | 11 The configurations can be read from different types of files: |
| 12 | |
| 13 - :ref:`YAML files <yaml-files>` | |
| 131 | 14 - :ref:`JSON files <json-files>` |
| 94 | 15 - :ref:`INI files <ini-files>` |
| 16 - :ref:`executable Python scripts <executable-python-scripts>` | |
| 17 | |
| 18 | |
| 19 .. _yaml-files: | |
| 20 | |
| 21 YAML Files | |
| 22 ---------- | |
| 23 | |
| 24 Need the :mod:`yaml` package (e.g. ``pip install pyyaml``) | |
| 25 | |
| 26 .. note:: All strings are returned as Unicode text strings. | |
| 27 | |
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28 .. note:: The root object must be a *mapping* and therefore decode |
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29 into a Python :class:`dict` alike. This is checked by the |
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30 implementation. |
| 94 | 31 |
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32 An example is: |
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33 |
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34 .. literalinclude:: ../tests/data/conf10.yml |
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35 :language: yaml |
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36 |
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37 |
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38 .. _json-files: |
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39 |
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40 JSON files |
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41 ---------- |
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42 |
| 131 | 43 Read the JSON file with the help of Python's native :mod:`json` package. |
| 44 | |
| 45 .. note:: All strings are returned as Unicode text strings. | |
| 46 | |
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47 .. note:: The root object must be an *object* and therefore decode |
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48 into a Python :class:`dict` alike. This is checked by the |
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49 implementation. |
| 131 | 50 |
| 51 An example is: | |
| 52 | |
| 53 .. literalinclude:: ../tests/data/conf10.json | |
| 54 :language: js | |
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55 |
| 145 | 56 For comments in JSON files see section :ref:`comments`. |
| 57 | |
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58 |
| 94 | 59 .. _ini-files: |
| 60 | |
| 61 INI Files | |
| 62 --------- | |
| 63 | |
| 64 Read the file and all sections named in parameter `extract` are flattened | |
| 65 into the resulting dictionary. By default the section named ``config`` is | |
| 66 used. | |
| 67 | |
| 68 Normally all values are returned as Unicode text strings. | |
| 69 But values can be annotated and therefore interpreted as other types: | |
| 70 | |
| 71 ``:int:`` | |
| 72 The value is handled in the same way as a Python :class:`int` | |
| 73 literal | |
| 74 | |
| 75 ``:float:`` | |
| 76 The value is interpreted as :class:`float` | |
| 77 | |
| 78 ``:bool:`` | |
| 79 The resulting value is a :class:`bool` where | |
| 80 | |
| 81 ``1``, ``true``, ``yes``, ``on`` | |
| 82 yield a Python ``True`` | |
| 83 | |
| 84 ``0``, ``false``, ``no``, ``off`` | |
| 85 yield a Python ``False`` | |
| 86 | |
| 87 The evaluation is done *case-insensitively*. | |
| 88 | |
| 89 .. note:: All strings are returned as Unicode text strings. | |
| 90 | |
| 91 .. note:: Contrary to the behaviour of the standard Python :mod:`configparser` | |
| 92 module the INI file reader is *case-sensitive*. | |
| 93 | |
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94 The example INI style configuration below yields an equivalent |
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95 configuration to the YAML configuration above: |
| 94 | 96 |
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97 .. literalinclude:: ../tests/data/conf10.ini |
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98 :language: ini |
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99 |
| 133 | 100 As can be seen in this example -- INI file internal value interpolation |
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101 is done as in Python's standard :mod:`configparser` module. |
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102 |
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103 This example also illustrates how INI sections are used to build a |
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104 tree-ish configuration dictionary. |
| 94 | 105 |
| 106 | |
| 107 .. _executable-python-scripts: | |
| 108 | |
| 109 Executable Python Scripts | |
| 110 ------------------------- | |
| 111 | |
| 112 What will be exported: | |
| 113 | |
| 114 1. If loading is done with the `extract` parameter only the given keys are | |
| 115 extracted from the script. | |
| 116 | |
| 117 2. Otherwise it is checked if the scripts defines an ``__all__`` | |
| 118 sequence. If there is one it's contents are the keys to be | |
| 119 extracted. | |
| 120 | |
| 121 3. If there is no ``__all__`` object all names not starting with an | |
| 122 underscore ``_`` are found. | |
| 123 | |
| 124 This is analogous to as Python modules behave when importing them with | |
| 125 ``from module import *``. | |
| 126 | |
| 127 .. note:: The Python configuration files are evaluated with ``exec`` and not | |
| 128 imported. | |
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129 |
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130 The example configuration by Python script below yields an equivalent |
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131 configuration to the YAML configuration above: |
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132 |
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133 .. literalinclude:: ../tests/data/conf10.py |
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134 :language: python |
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135 |
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136 |
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137 .. _loading-and-merging: |
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138 |
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139 Loading and Merging |
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140 ------------------- |
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141 |
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142 Basic usage of the API is as follows in this example:: |
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143 |
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144 import configmix |
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145 |
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146 # |
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147 # Note: With conf10 merging is rather pointless because the tree |
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148 # files # are really the same configuration. But is doesn't harm |
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149 # also here. |
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150 # |
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151 config = configmix.load("conf10.yml", "conf10.ini", "conf10.py") |
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152 |
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153 # Get a -- possibly interpolated -- configuration variable's value |
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154 value1 = config.getvar_s("key1") |
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155 |
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156 # Get a -- possibly interpolated -- variable from within the tree |
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157 value2 = config.getvar_s("tree1.tree2.key4") |
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158 |
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159 |
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160 By default filenames of the configuration files must have the extensions |
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161 (case-insensitively): |
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162 |
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163 ``.ini`` |
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164 for INI configuration files |
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165 |
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166 ``.json`` |
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167 for JSON configuration files |
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168 |
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169 ``.py`` |
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170 for Python configuration files |
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171 |
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172 ``.yml`` or ``.yaml`` |
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173 for YAML configuration files |
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174 |
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175 |
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176 .. _getting-values: |
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177 |
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178 Getting configuration variables |
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179 ------------------------------- |
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180 |
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181 Get a -- possibly expanded -- configuration variable's value with:: |
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182 |
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183 value1 = config.getvar_s("key1") |
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184 |
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185 Get a raw configuration variable's value with:: |
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186 |
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187 value1_raw = config.getvar("key1") |
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188 |
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189 Because the configuration is not only a plain list of but a tree of |
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190 key-value pairs you will want to fetch them by separating the individual |
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191 level keys with a point ``.``. |
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192 |
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193 Looking at the example in chapter :ref:`yaml-files` -- when calling |
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194 ``config.getvar_s("tree1.tree2.key4")`` you will get the value |
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195 ``get this as `tree1.tree2.key4'``. |
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196 |
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197 This is true for both methods :py:meth:`.Configuration.getvar` and |
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198 :py:meth:`.Configuration.getvar_s`. |
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199 |
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200 Both methods also perform :ref:`variable-expansion` and handle |
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201 :ref:`variable-namespaces`. Filtering is not supported. So -- the |
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202 variable name arguments of :py:meth:`.Configuration.getvar` and |
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203 :py:meth:`.Configuration.getvar_s` are of the form |
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204 ``[namespace:]variable``. |
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205 |
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206 |
| 145 | 207 .. _comments: |
| 208 | |
| 209 Comments | |
| 210 -------- | |
| 211 | |
| 212 By default all keys beginning with ``__comment`` or ``__doc`` are | |
| 213 filtered out and not given to the application. This allows comments in | |
| 214 JSON files -- but is not restricted to JSON files only. | |
| 215 | |
| 216 For all types of configuration files their respective standard comments | |
| 217 are allowed too. | |
| 218 | |
| 219 | |
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220 .. _variable-namespaces: |
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221 |
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222 Variable Namespaces |
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223 ------------------- |
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224 |
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225 Currently there are 4 namespaces: |
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226 |
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227 1. The unnamed namespace (which is also default). |
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228 |
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229 All the configuration variables are part of this namespace. |
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230 |
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231 2. The namespace ``OS`` |
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232 |
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233 Available functions: |
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234 |
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235 ``cwd`` |
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236 Contains the current working directory of the process |
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237 |
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238 3. The namespace ``ENV`` |
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239 |
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240 This namespace contains all the environment variables as they are |
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241 available from :py:data:`os.environ`. |
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242 |
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243 4. The namespace ``PY`` |
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244 |
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245 Contains selected values from the running Python: |
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246 |
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247 ``version`` |
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248 The return value of :py:func:`platform.python_version` |
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249 |
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250 ``version_maj_min`` |
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251 Just the major and minor version of the running Python |
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252 (``.`` separated) |
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253 |
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254 ``version_maj`` |
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255 Just the major version of the running Python |
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256 |
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257 ``implementation`` |
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258 The return value of :py:func:`platform.python_implementation` |
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259 |
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260 |
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261 Examples |
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262 ~~~~~~~~ |
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263 |
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264 :: |
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265 |
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266 config.getvar("OS:cwd") |
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267 |
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268 yields the current working directory as :py:func:`os.getcwd` does. |
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269 |
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270 |
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271 .. _variable-expansion: |
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272 |
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273 Variable Expansion |
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274 ------------------ |
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275 |
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276 Configuration variable values that are read with |
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277 :py:meth:`.Configuration.getvar_s` are subject to variable |
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278 expansion. The general syntactic pattern for this is:: |
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279 |
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280 {{[namespace:]variable[|filter[|filter...]]}} |
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281 |
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282 I.e.: between double curly braces an optional `namespace` name followed by |
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283 a colon ``:``, the `variable` and then zero or more filters, each one |
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284 introduced by a pipe symbol ``|``. |
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285 |
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286 Variables are expanded lately at runtime -- exactly when calling |
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287 :py:meth:`.Configuration.getvar_s`, |
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288 :py:meth:`.Configuration.substitute_variables_in_obj` or |
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289 :py:meth:`.Configuration.expand_variable` |
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290 |
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291 |
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292 Filter functions |
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293 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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294 |
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295 Interpolated values can be processed through a series of filter functions:: |
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296 |
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297 {{my.variable|filter1|filter2}} |
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298 |
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299 Available filter functions are: |
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300 |
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301 ``urlquote`` |
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302 |
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303 ``saslprep`` |
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304 |
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305 ``normpath`` |
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306 |
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307 ``abspath`` |
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308 |
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309 ``posixpath`` |
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310 |
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311 ``lower`` |
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312 |
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313 ``upper`` |
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314 |
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315 |
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316 Examples |
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317 ~~~~~~~~ |
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318 |
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319 :: |
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320 |
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321 {{OS:cwd|posixpath}} |
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322 |
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323 expands to the current working directory as POSIX path: on Windows all |
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324 backslashes are replaced by forward slashes. |
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325 |
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326 :: |
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327 |
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328 {{ENV:PATH}} |
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329 |
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330 expands to the current search path from the process environment. |
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331 |
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332 :: |
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333 |
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334 {{PY:version}} |
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335 |
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336 expands to the current running Python version (e.g. ``3.6.4``). |
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337 |
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338 :: |
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339 |
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340 {{PY::implementation|upper}} |
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341 |
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342 expands to something like ``CPYTHON`` when using the standard Python |
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343 interpreter written in C. |
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344 |
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345 |
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346 Custom filename extensions and custom loaders |
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347 --------------------------------------------- |
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348 |
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349 If you want to have custom configuration file extensions and/or custom loaders |
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350 for custom configuration files you have various possibilities: |
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351 |
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352 Associate an additional new extension (e.g. ".conf") with an |
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353 existing configuration file style (e.g. YAML):: |
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354 |
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355 configmix.set_assoc("*.conf", configmix.get_assoc("*.yml")) |
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356 |
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357 Allow only files with extension ".cfg" in INI-style -- using the default |
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358 loader for INI-files:: |
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359 |
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360 configmix.clear_assoc() |
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361 configmix.set_assoc("*.cfg", configmix.get_default_assoc("*.ini")) |
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362 |
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363 Just a new configuration file style:: |
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364 |
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365 def my_custom_loader(filename): |
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366 ... |
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367 return some_dict_alike |
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368 |
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369 configmix.mode_loaders["myconfmode"] = my_custom_loader |
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370 configmix.clear_assoc() |
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371 configmix.set_assoc("*.my.configuration", "myconfmode") |