Mercurial > hgrepos > Python > libs > ConfigMix
annotate doc/introduction.rst @ 133:05cb18c8697a
FIX: Typo
| author | Franz Glasner <hg@dom66.de> |
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| date | Wed, 04 Apr 2018 23:51:07 +0200 |
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| 94 | 1 .. -*- coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil; -*- |
| 2 | |
| 3 .. _introduction: | |
| 4 | |
| 5 Introduction | |
| 6 ============ | |
| 7 | |
| 8 The configurations can be read from different types of files: | |
| 9 | |
| 10 - :ref:`YAML files <yaml-files>` | |
| 131 | 11 - :ref:`JSON files <json-files>` |
| 94 | 12 - :ref:`INI files <ini-files>` |
| 13 - :ref:`executable Python scripts <executable-python-scripts>` | |
| 14 | |
| 15 | |
| 16 .. _yaml-files: | |
| 17 | |
| 18 YAML Files | |
| 19 ---------- | |
| 20 | |
| 21 Need the :mod:`yaml` package (e.g. ``pip install pyyaml``) | |
| 22 | |
| 23 .. note:: All strings are returned as Unicode text strings. | |
| 24 | |
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25 .. note:: The root object must be a *mapping* and therefore decode into |
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26 a Python :class:`dict` alike. |
| 94 | 27 |
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28 An example is: |
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29 |
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30 .. literalinclude:: ../tests/data/conf10.yml |
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31 :language: yaml |
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32 |
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33 |
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34 .. _json-files: |
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35 |
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36 JSON files |
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37 ---------- |
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38 |
| 131 | 39 Read the JSON file with the help of Python's native :mod:`json` package. |
| 40 | |
| 41 .. note:: All strings are returned as Unicode text strings. | |
| 42 | |
| 43 .. note:: The root object must be an *object* and therefore decode into | |
| 44 a Python :class:`dict` alike. | |
| 45 | |
| 46 .. todo:: Handle JSON comments by special attributes which will | |
| 47 filtered out on further processing. Javascript comments are | |
| 48 not allowed by the JSON specification. | |
| 49 | |
| 50 An example is: | |
| 51 | |
| 52 .. literalinclude:: ../tests/data/conf10.json | |
| 53 :language: js | |
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54 |
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55 |
| 94 | 56 .. _ini-files: |
| 57 | |
| 58 INI Files | |
| 59 --------- | |
| 60 | |
| 61 Read the file and all sections named in parameter `extract` are flattened | |
| 62 into the resulting dictionary. By default the section named ``config`` is | |
| 63 used. | |
| 64 | |
| 65 Normally all values are returned as Unicode text strings. | |
| 66 But values can be annotated and therefore interpreted as other types: | |
| 67 | |
| 68 ``:int:`` | |
| 69 The value is handled in the same way as a Python :class:`int` | |
| 70 literal | |
| 71 | |
| 72 ``:float:`` | |
| 73 The value is interpreted as :class:`float` | |
| 74 | |
| 75 ``:bool:`` | |
| 76 The resulting value is a :class:`bool` where | |
| 77 | |
| 78 ``1``, ``true``, ``yes``, ``on`` | |
| 79 yield a Python ``True`` | |
| 80 | |
| 81 ``0``, ``false``, ``no``, ``off`` | |
| 82 yield a Python ``False`` | |
| 83 | |
| 84 The evaluation is done *case-insensitively*. | |
| 85 | |
| 86 .. note:: All strings are returned as Unicode text strings. | |
| 87 | |
| 88 .. note:: Contrary to the behaviour of the standard Python :mod:`configparser` | |
| 89 module the INI file reader is *case-sensitive*. | |
| 90 | |
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91 The example INI style configuration below yields an equivalent |
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92 configuration to the YAML configuration above: |
| 94 | 93 |
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94 .. literalinclude:: ../tests/data/conf10.ini |
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95 :language: ini |
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96 |
| 133 | 97 As can be seen in this example -- INI file internal value interpolation |
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98 is done as in Python's standard :mod:`configparser` module. |
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99 |
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100 This example also illustrates how INI sections are used to build a |
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101 tree-ish configuration dictionary. |
| 94 | 102 |
| 103 | |
| 104 .. _executable-python-scripts: | |
| 105 | |
| 106 Executable Python Scripts | |
| 107 ------------------------- | |
| 108 | |
| 109 What will be exported: | |
| 110 | |
| 111 1. If loading is done with the `extract` parameter only the given keys are | |
| 112 extracted from the script. | |
| 113 | |
| 114 2. Otherwise it is checked if the scripts defines an ``__all__`` | |
| 115 sequence. If there is one it's contents are the keys to be | |
| 116 extracted. | |
| 117 | |
| 118 3. If there is no ``__all__`` object all names not starting with an | |
| 119 underscore ``_`` are found. | |
| 120 | |
| 121 This is analogous to as Python modules behave when importing them with | |
| 122 ``from module import *``. | |
| 123 | |
| 124 .. note:: The Python configuration files are evaluated with ``exec`` and not | |
| 125 imported. | |
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126 |
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127 The example configuration by Python script below yields an equivalent |
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128 configuration to the YAML configuration above: |
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129 |
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130 .. literalinclude:: ../tests/data/conf10.py |
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131 :language: python |
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132 |
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133 |
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134 .. _loading-and-merging: |
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135 |
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136 Loading and Merging |
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137 ------------------- |
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138 |
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139 Basic usage of the API is as follows in this example:: |
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140 |
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141 import configmix |
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142 |
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143 # |
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144 # Note: With conf10 merging is rather pointless because the tree |
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145 # files # are really the same configuration. But is doesn't harm |
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146 # also here. |
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147 # |
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148 config = configmix.load("conf10.yml", "conf10.ini", "conf10.py") |
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149 |
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150 # Get a -- possibly interpolated -- configuration variable's value |
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151 value1 = config.getvar_s("key1") |
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152 |
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153 # Get a -- possibly interpolated -- variable from within the tree |
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154 value2 = config.getvar_s("tree1.tree2.key4") |
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155 |
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156 |
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157 The filenames of the configuration files must have the extensions |
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158 (case-insensitively): |
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159 |
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160 ``.py`` |
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161 for Python configuration files |
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162 |
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163 ``.yml`` or ``.yaml`` |
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164 for YAML configuration files |
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165 |
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166 ``.json`` |
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167 for JSON configuration files |
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168 |
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169 ``.ini`` |
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170 for INI configuration files |
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171 |
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172 |
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173 .. _getting-values: |
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174 |
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175 Getting configuration variables |
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176 ------------------------------- |
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177 |
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178 Get a -- possibly expanded -- configuration variable's value with:: |
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179 |
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180 value1 = config.getvar_s("key1") |
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181 |
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182 Get a raw configuration variable's value with:: |
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183 |
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184 value1_raw = config.getvar("key1") |
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185 |
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186 Because the configuration is not only a plain list of but a tree of |
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187 key-value pairs you will want to fetch them by separating the individual |
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188 level keys with a point ``.``. |
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189 |
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190 Looking at the example in chapter :ref:`yaml-files` -- when calling |
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191 ``config.getvar_s("tree1.tree2.key4")`` you will get the value |
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192 ``get this as `tree1.tree2.key4'``. |
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193 |
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194 This is true for both methods :py:meth:`.Configuration.getvar` and |
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195 :py:meth:`.Configuration.getvar_s`. |
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196 |
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197 Both methods also perform :ref:`variable-expansion` and handle |
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198 :ref:`variable-namespaces`. Filtering is not supported. So -- the |
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199 variable name arguments of :py:meth:`.Configuration.getvar` and |
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200 :py:meth:`.Configuration.getvar_s` are of the form |
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201 ``[namespace:]variable``. |
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202 |
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203 |
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204 .. _variable-namespaces: |
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205 |
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206 Variable Namespaces |
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207 ------------------- |
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208 |
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209 Currently there are 4 namespaces: |
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210 |
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211 1. The unnamed namespace (which is also default). |
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212 |
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213 All the configuration variables are part of this namespace. |
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214 |
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215 2. The namespace ``OS`` |
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216 |
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217 Available functions: |
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218 |
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219 ``cwd`` |
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220 Contains the current working directory of the process |
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221 |
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222 3. The namespace ``ENV`` |
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223 |
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224 This namespace contains all the environment variables as they are |
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225 available from :py:data:`os.environ`. |
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226 |
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227 4. The namespace ``PY`` |
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228 |
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229 Contains selected values from the running Python: |
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230 |
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231 ``version`` |
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232 The return value of :py:func:`platform.python_version` |
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233 |
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234 ``version_maj_min`` |
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235 Just the major and minor version of the running Python |
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236 (``.`` separated) |
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237 |
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238 ``version_maj`` |
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239 Just the major version of the running Python |
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240 |
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241 ``implementation`` |
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242 The return value of :py:func:`platform.python_implementation` |
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243 |
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244 |
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245 Examples |
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246 ~~~~~~~~ |
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247 |
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248 :: |
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249 |
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250 config.getvar("OS:cwd") |
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251 |
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252 yields the current working directory as :py:func:`os.getcwd` does. |
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253 |
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254 |
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255 .. _variable-expansion: |
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256 |
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257 Variable Expansion |
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258 ------------------ |
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259 |
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260 Configuration variable values that are read with |
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261 :py:meth:`.Configuration.getvar_s` are subject to variable |
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262 expansion. The general syntactic pattern for this is:: |
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263 |
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264 {{[namespace:]variable[|filter[|filter...]]}} |
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265 |
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266 I.e.: between double curly braces an optional `namespace` name followed by |
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267 a colon ``:``, the `variable` and then zero or more filters, each one |
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268 introduced by a pipe symbol ``|``. |
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269 |
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270 Variables are expanded lately at runtime -- exactly when calling |
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271 :py:meth:`.Configuration.getvar_s` or :py:meth:`.Configuration.getvar`. |
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272 |
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273 |
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274 Filter functions |
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275 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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276 |
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277 Interpolated values can be processed through a series of filter functions:: |
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278 |
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279 {{my.variable|filter1|filter2}} |
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280 |
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281 Available filter functions are: |
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282 |
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283 ``urlquote`` |
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284 |
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285 ``saslprep`` |
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286 |
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287 ``normpath`` |
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288 |
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289 ``abspath`` |
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290 |
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291 ``posixpath`` |
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292 |
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293 ``lower`` |
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294 |
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295 ``upper`` |
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296 |
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297 |
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298 Examples |
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299 ~~~~~~~~ |
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300 |
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301 :: |
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302 |
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303 {{OS:cwd|posixpath}} |
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304 |
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305 expands to the current working directory as POSIX path: on Windows all |
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306 backslashes are replaced by forward slashes. |
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307 |
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308 :: |
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309 |
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310 {{ENV:PATH}} |
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311 |
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312 expands to the current search path from the process environment. |
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313 |
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314 :: |
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315 |
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316 {{PY:version}} |
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317 |
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318 expands to the current running Python version (e.g. ``3.6.4``). |
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319 |
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320 :: |
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321 |
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322 {{PY::implementation|upper}} |
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323 |
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324 expands to something like ``CPYTHON`` when using the standard Python |
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325 interpreter written in C. |
