Mercurial > hgrepos > Python2 > PyMuPDF

annotate mupdf-source/thirdparty/curl/docs/libcurl/libcurl.3 @ 2:b50eed0cc0ef upstream

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ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4. The directory name has changed: no version number in the expanded directory now.
author Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
date Mon, 15 Sep 2025 11:43:07 +0200
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1 .\" **************************************************************************
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2 .\" * _ _ ____ _
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3 .\" * Project ___| | | | _ \| |
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4 .\" * / __| | | | |_) | |
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5 .\" * | (__| |_| | _ <| |___
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6 .\" * \___|\___/|_| \_\_____|
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7 .\" *
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8 .\" * Copyright (C) 1998 - 2015, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
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9 .\" *
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10 .\" * This software is licensed as described in the file COPYING, which
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11 .\" * you should have received as part of this distribution. The terms
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12 .\" * are also available at https://curl.haxx.se/docs/copyright.html.
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13 .\" *
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14 .\" * You may opt to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute and/or sell
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15 .\" * copies of the Software, and permit persons to whom the Software is
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16 .\" * furnished to do so, under the terms of the COPYING file.
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17 .\" *
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18 .\" * This software is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
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19 .\" * KIND, either express or implied.
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20 .\" *
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21 .\" **************************************************************************
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22 .TH libcurl 3 "19 March 2002" "libcurl 7.9.6" "libcurl overview"
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23 .SH NAME
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24 libcurl \- client-side URL transfers
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25 .SH DESCRIPTION
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26 This is a short overview on how to use libcurl in your C programs. There are
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27 specific man pages for each function mentioned in here. There are also the
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28 \fIlibcurl-easy(3)\fP man page, the \fIlibcurl-multi(3)\fP man page, the
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29 \fIlibcurl-share(3)\fP man page and the \fIlibcurl-tutorial(3)\fP man page for
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30 in-depth understanding on how to program with libcurl.
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31
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32 There are many bindings available that bring libcurl access to your favourite
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33 language. Look elsewhere for documentation on those.
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34
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35 libcurl has a global constant environment that you must set up and maintain
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36 while using libcurl. This essentially means you call
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37 \fIcurl_global_init(3)\fP at the start of your program and
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38 \fIcurl_global_cleanup(3)\fP at the end. See \fBGLOBAL CONSTANTS\fP below for
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39 details.
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40
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41 If libcurl was compiled with support for multiple SSL backends, the function
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42 \fIcurl_global_sslset(3)\fP can be called before \fIcurl_global_init(3)\fP
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43 to select the active SSL backend.
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44
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45 To transfer files, you create an "easy handle" using \fIcurl_easy_init(3)\fP
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46 for a single individual transfer (in either direction). You then set your
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47 desired set of options in that handle with \fIcurl_easy_setopt(3)\fP. Options
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48 you set with \fIcurl_easy_setopt(3)\fP stick. They will be used on every
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49 repeated use of this handle until you either change the option, or you reset
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50 them all with \fIcurl_easy_reset(3)\fP.
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51
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52 To actually transfer data you have the option of using the "easy" interface,
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53 or the "multi" interface.
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54
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55 The easy interface is a synchronous interface with which you call
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56 \fIcurl_easy_perform(3)\fP and let it perform the transfer. When it is
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57 completed, the function returns and you can continue. More details are found in
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58 the \fIlibcurl-easy(3)\fP man page.
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59
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60 The multi interface on the other hand is an asynchronous interface, that you
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61 call and that performs only a little piece of the transfer on each invoke. It
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62 is perfect if you want to do things while the transfer is in progress, or
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63 similar. The multi interface allows you to select() on libcurl action, and
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64 even to easily download multiple files simultaneously using a single
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65 thread. See further details in the \fIlibcurl-multi(3)\fP man page.
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66
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67 You can have multiple easy handles share certain data, even if they are used
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68 in different threads. This magic is setup using the share interface, as
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69 described in the \fIlibcurl-share(3)\fP man page.
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70
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71 There is also a series of other helpful functions to use, including these:
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72 .RS
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73 .IP curl_version_info()
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74 gets detailed libcurl (and other used libraries) version info
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75 .IP curl_getdate()
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76 converts a date string to time_t
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77 .IP curl_easy_getinfo()
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78 get information about a performed transfer
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79 .IP curl_formadd()
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80 helps building an HTTP form POST
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81 .IP curl_formfree()
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82 free a list built with \fIcurl_formadd(3)\fP
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83 .IP curl_slist_append()
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84 builds a linked list
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85 .IP curl_slist_free_all()
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86 frees a whole curl_slist
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87 .RE
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88
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89 .SH "LINKING WITH LIBCURL"
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90 On unix-like machines, there's a tool named curl-config that gets installed
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91 with the rest of the curl stuff when 'make install' is performed.
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92
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93 curl-config is added to make it easier for applications to link with libcurl
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94 and developers to learn about libcurl and how to use it.
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95
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96 Run 'curl-config --libs' to get the (additional) linker options you need to
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97 link with the particular version of libcurl you've installed. See the
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98 \fIcurl-config(1)\fP man page for further details.
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99
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100 Unix-like operating system that ship libcurl as part of their distributions
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101 often don't provide the curl-config tool, but simply install the library and
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102 headers in the common path for this purpose.
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103
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104 Many Linux and similar systems use pkg-config to provide build and link
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105 options about libraries and libcurl supports that as well.
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106 .SH "LIBCURL SYMBOL NAMES"
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107 All public functions in the libcurl interface are prefixed with 'curl_' (with
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108 a lowercase c). You can find other functions in the library source code, but
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109 other prefixes indicate that the functions are private and may change without
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110 further notice in the next release.
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111
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112 Only use documented functions and functionality!
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113 .SH "PORTABILITY"
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114 libcurl works
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115 .B exactly
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116 the same, on any of the platforms it compiles and builds on.
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117 .SH "THREADS"
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118 libcurl is thread safe but there are a few exceptions. Refer to
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119 \fIlibcurl-thread(3)\fP for more information.
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120
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121 .SH "PERSISTENT CONNECTIONS"
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122 Persistent connections means that libcurl can re-use the same connection for
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123 several transfers, if the conditions are right.
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124
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125 libcurl will \fBalways\fP attempt to use persistent connections. Whenever you
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126 use \fIcurl_easy_perform(3)\fP or \fIcurl_multi_perform(3)\fP etc, libcurl
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127 will attempt to use an existing connection to do the transfer, and if none
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128 exists it'll open a new one that will be subject for re-use on a possible
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129 following call to \fIcurl_easy_perform(3)\fP or \fIcurl_multi_perform(3)\fP.
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130
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131 To allow libcurl to take full advantage of persistent connections, you should
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132 do as many of your file transfers as possible using the same handle.
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133
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134 If you use the easy interface, and you call \fIcurl_easy_cleanup(3)\fP, all
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135 the possibly open connections held by libcurl will be closed and forgotten.
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136
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137 When you've created a multi handle and are using the multi interface, the
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138 connection pool is instead kept in the multi handle so closing and creating
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139 new easy handles to do transfers will not affect them. Instead all added easy
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140 handles can take advantage of the single shared pool.
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141 .SH "GLOBAL CONSTANTS"
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142 There are a variety of constants that libcurl uses, mainly through its
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143 internal use of other libraries, which are too complicated for the
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144 library loader to set up. Therefore, a program must call a library
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145 function after the program is loaded and running to finish setting up
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146 the library code. For example, when libcurl is built for SSL
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147 capability via the GNU TLS library, there is an elaborate tree inside
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148 that library that describes the SSL protocol.
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149
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150 \fIcurl_global_init(3)\fP is the function that you must call. This may
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151 allocate resources (e.g. the memory for the GNU TLS tree mentioned above), so
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152 the companion function \fIcurl_global_cleanup(3)\fP releases them.
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153
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154 The basic rule for constructing a program that uses libcurl is this: Call
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155 \fIcurl_global_init(3)\fP, with a \fICURL_GLOBAL_ALL\fP argument, immediately
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156 after the program starts, while it is still only one thread and before it uses
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157 libcurl at all. Call \fIcurl_global_cleanup(3)\fP immediately before the
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158 program exits, when the program is again only one thread and after its last
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159 use of libcurl.
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160
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161 You can call both of these multiple times, as long as all calls meet
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162 these requirements and the number of calls to each is the same.
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163
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164 It isn't actually required that the functions be called at the beginning
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165 and end of the program -- that's just usually the easiest way to do it.
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166 It \fIis\fP required that the functions be called when no other thread
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167 in the program is running.
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168
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169 These global constant functions are \fInot thread safe\fP, so you must
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170 not call them when any other thread in the program is running. It
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171 isn't good enough that no other thread is using libcurl at the time,
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172 because these functions internally call similar functions of other
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173 libraries, and those functions are similarly thread-unsafe. You can't
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174 generally know what these libraries are, or whether other threads are
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175 using them.
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176
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177 The global constant situation merits special consideration when the
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178 code you are writing to use libcurl is not the main program, but rather
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179 a modular piece of a program, e.g. another library. As a module,
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180 your code doesn't know about other parts of the program -- it doesn't
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181 know whether they use libcurl or not. And its code doesn't necessarily
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182 run at the start and end of the whole program.
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183
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184 A module like this must have global constant functions of its own, just like
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185 \fIcurl_global_init(3)\fP and \fIcurl_global_cleanup(3)\fP. The module thus
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186 has control at the beginning and end of the program and has a place to call
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187 the libcurl functions. Note that if multiple modules in the program use
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188 libcurl, they all will separately call the libcurl functions, and that's OK
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189 because only the first \fIcurl_global_init(3)\fP and the last
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190 \fIcurl_global_cleanup(3)\fP in a program change anything. (libcurl uses a
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191 reference count in static memory).
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192
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193 In a C++ module, it is common to deal with the global constant situation by
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194 defining a special class that represents the global constant environment of
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195 the module. A program always has exactly one object of the class, in static
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196 storage. That way, the program automatically calls the constructor of the
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197 object as the program starts up and the destructor as it terminates. As the
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198 author of this libcurl-using module, you can make the constructor call
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199 \fIcurl_global_init(3)\fP and the destructor call \fIcurl_global_cleanup(3)\fP
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200 and satisfy libcurl's requirements without your user having to think about it.
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201 (Caveat: If you are initializing libcurl from a Windows DLL you should not
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202 initialize it from DllMain or a static initializer because Windows holds the
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203 loader lock during that time and it could cause a deadlock.)
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204
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205 \fIcurl_global_init(3)\fP has an argument that tells what particular parts of
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206 the global constant environment to set up. In order to successfully use any
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207 value except \fICURL_GLOBAL_ALL\fP (which says to set up the whole thing), you
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208 must have specific knowledge of internal workings of libcurl and all other
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209 parts of the program of which it is part.
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210
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211 A special part of the global constant environment is the identity of the
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212 memory allocator. \fIcurl_global_init(3)\fP selects the system default memory
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213 allocator, but you can use \fIcurl_global_init_mem(3)\fP to supply one of your
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214 own. However, there is no way to use \fIcurl_global_init_mem(3)\fP in a
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215 modular program -- all modules in the program that might use libcurl would
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216 have to agree on one allocator.
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217
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218 There is a failsafe in libcurl that makes it usable in simple situations
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219 without you having to worry about the global constant environment at all:
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220 \fIcurl_easy_init(3)\fP sets up the environment itself if it hasn't been done
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221 yet. The resources it acquires to do so get released by the operating system
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222 automatically when the program exits.
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223
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224 This failsafe feature exists mainly for backward compatibility because
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225 there was a time when the global functions didn't exist. Because it
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226 is sufficient only in the simplest of programs, it is not recommended
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227 for any program to rely on it.