Mercurial > hgrepos > Python > libs > pygments-lexer-pseudocode2

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REFACTOR: All documentation pages refactored: merge intro and details for lexers and filters
author Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
date Mon, 11 May 2026 01:31:12 +0200
parents docs/details-algpseudocode.rst@88f872c50aae
children 3c517c22df9c
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03e9031b5eca Some details and examples about \tt-XXX and \ttx-XXX in the docs
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1 .. -*- coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil; -*-
03e9031b5eca Some details and examples about \tt-XXX and \ttx-XXX in the docs
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4 *************************************
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5 AlgPseudocode and Language Variants
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6 *************************************
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8 These lexers are heavily heavily inspired by CTAN’s `Algpseudocodex`_.
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9 They recogzize expressions and additionally all sorts of comments and
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10 commands that are inspired by `Algpseudocodex`_.
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12 They may be used in `Sphinx`_ by their aliases:
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14 .. code-block:: none
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16 .. code-block:: algpseudocode
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18 \PROGRAM {The Pseudoprogram} \IS
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20 \END PROGRAM {The Pseudoprogram}
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22 It will be rendered as:
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24 .. code-block:: algpseudocode
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26 \PROGRAM {The Pseudoprogram} \IS
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28 \END PROGRAM {The Pseudoprogram}
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30 And the same with the german variant
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31 (using ``.. code-block:: algpseudocode-de`` as language alias):
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33 .. code-block:: algpseudocode-de
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35 \PROGRAM {The Pseudoprogram} \IS
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37 \END PROGRAM {The Pseudoprogram}
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39 The AlgPseudocode lexer and its language variants AlgPseudocodeDE and
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40 AlgPseudocodeFR basically work in three states: `default`,
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41 `expression` and `text`.
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43 In expressions it automatically recognizes:
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45 - Strings (single-quote, double-quote, triple-single-quote,
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46 triple-double-quote, `Python`_ style)
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47 - Numbers (also `Python`_ style)
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48 - (Mathematical) operators and symbols
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49 - ``\TEXT{...}``
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50
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51 To switch in a text-mode that prohibits automatic expression
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52 highlighting.
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54 A closing curly brace can be quoted with ``\}`` to not end the
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55 text mode prematurely.
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57 - ``\NAME``, ``\CALL`` and ``\GETS``
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59 - ``\REM`` and ``\REMARK`` for remarks (aka comments)
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61 - Names (`Name.Entity`)
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63 - :ref:`explicit-token-types`
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64
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65 In the default-mode it recogzizes expressions and additionally all
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66 sorts of comments and commands that look somewhat like `Algpseudocodex`_
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67 commands.
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68
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69 In texts it recogzizes:
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71 - ``\EXPR`` or ``\EXPRESSION``
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72
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73 To switch to expression-mode.
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75 A closing curly brace can be quoted with ``\}`` to not end the expression
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76 mode prematurely.
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78 - ``\REM`` and ``\REMARK`` for remarks (aka comments)
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80 - :ref:`explicit-token-types`
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83 .. rubric:: Some Examples
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84
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85 A synthetic example with many features:
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87 .. literalinclude:: examples/example-1.pseudocode
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88 :language: algpseudocode
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89 :lines: 2-
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90
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91 With a customized `AlgPseudocodeLexer` and its `no_end`
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92 option set to ``True``.
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93
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94 .. literalinclude:: examples/example-1.pseudocode
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95 :language: NoEndAlgPseudocode
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96 :lines: 2-
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97
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98 This is Wikipedia's description of *Dinic's Algorithm*
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99 (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinic%27s_algorithm):
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100
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101 .. literalinclude:: examples/algorithm-dinic.description
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102 :language: algpseudocode
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103 :lines: 2-
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104
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105 This is Wikipedia's pseudocode of the *Ford–Fulkerson Algorithm*
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106 (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford%E2%80%93Fulkerson_algorithm):
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107
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108 .. literalinclude:: examples/algorithm-ford-fulkerson.pseudocode
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109 :language: algpseudocode
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110 :lines: 2-
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111
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112 This is Wikipedia's pseudocode of the *Edmonds–Karp Algorithm*
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113 (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmonds%E2%80%93Karp_algorithm)
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114 with a custom lexer that skip all ``ENDxxx`` keywords:
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115
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116 .. literalinclude:: examples/algorithm-edmonds-karp.pseudocode
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117 :language: NoEndAlgPseudocode
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118 :lines: 2-
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119
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120 And now the *Edmonds–Karp Algorithm* with french keywords:
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121
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122 .. literalinclude:: examples/algorithm-edmonds-karp.pseudocode
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123 :language: algpseudocode-fr
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124 :lines: 2-
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125
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126 And again the *Edmonds–Karp Algorithm* with german keywords:
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127
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128 .. literalinclude:: examples/algorithm-edmonds-karp.pseudocode
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129 :language: algpseudocode-de
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130 :lines: 2-
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131
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132 More details you will find :ref:`here <details-algpseudocode>`.
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133
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134
156
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135 .. _details-algpseudocode:
154
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136
125
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137 Lexer Options
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138 =============
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139
160
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140 .. describe:: prohibit_raiseonerror_filter
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141
165
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142 **Type:** :py:class:`bool`
160
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143
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144 **Default:** `False`
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145
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146 If ``True`` the `raiseonerror` filter is not allowed to be applied by
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147 `Sphinx`_ when :py:meth:`Lexer.add_filter` is called.
165
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148
160
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149 This setting does not apply to filters that are set by the standard
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150 lexer option `filters`.
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151
142
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152 .. describe:: no_end
125
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153
165
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154 **Type:** :py:class:`bool`
142
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155
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156 **Default:** `False`
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157
142
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158 If ``True`` all the ``\ENDxxx`` commands will be skipped and yield
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159 nothing.
125
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160
142
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161 .. describe:: gets
125
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162
165
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163 **Type:** :py:class:`str` or :py:obj:`None`
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164
142
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165 **Default:** `None` (yields ``←``)
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166
142
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167 The operator symbol to be printed by the command ``\GETS``.
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168
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169 An often used alternative is ``:=``.
125
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170
142
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171 .. describe:: remark
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172
165
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173 **Type:** :py:class:`str` or :py:obj:`None`
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174
142
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175 **Default:** `None` (yields ``▷``)
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176
142
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177 The symbol to be printed as when starting comments with
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178 ``\REMARK`` or ``\REM``.
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179
144
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180 To use a lexer with non-default options in `Sphinx`_ see section
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181 :ref:`customized-sphinx-lexers`.
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182
125
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183
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184 Comments
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185 ========
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186
150
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187 - with the ``\REMARK`` or ``\REM`` keywords (this includes a leading symbol)
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188 - multi-line comments with ``/* ... */``; they can be **nested**
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189 - multi-line comments with ``(* ... *)``; they can be **nested**
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190 - single-line comments with ``//`` or ``#`` (until the end of the line)
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191
150
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192 .. code-block:: algpseudocode
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193
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194 /*
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195 * A single multiline comment
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196 */
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197
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198 /*
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199 * A multiline comment
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200 *
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201 * /* This is a nested multi-line comment */
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202 *
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203 */
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204
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205 (*
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206 * A multiline comment
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207 *
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208 * (* This is a nested multi-line comment *)
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209 *
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210 *)
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211
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212 // A single-line comment
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213
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214 # A single-line comment
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215
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216 \REM A remark has a leading symbol
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217
125
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218
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219 Literals
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220 ========
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221
150
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222 Strings and numbers as in `Python`_. String prefixes ``r``, ``f`` and ``t``
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223 are not supported -- ``u`` and ``b`` are.
125
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224
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225 To yield non-string-delimiting single- and double-quotes you have to escape them
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226 using ``\'`` or ``\"``. This must be used to typeset something as
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227 :algpseudocode:`f\\'(x) = 0`.
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228
150
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229 .. code-block:: algpseudocode
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230
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231 0 0xdead 0b100001 0o720 2.7 2.7e-54
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232
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233 "A string with an escaped double-quote \" "
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234
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235 'Another string with an escaped single-quote \' '
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236
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237 """A multiline
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238 string
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239 """
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240
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241 '''Another multiline string
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242
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243 '''
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244
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245 b"A \x20 byte string"
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246
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247 u'An explicit Unicode \u1234 string'
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248
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249 \" a non string
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250
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251 \' a non string also
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252
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253
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254 (Mathematical) Symbols and Operators
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255 ====================================
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256
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257 Some ASCII symbol combinations are recognized and replaced by a
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258 Unicode symbol:
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259
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260 .. code-block:: algpseudocode
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261
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262 \TEXT{<=>} <=>
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263 \TEXT{<->} <->
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264 \TEXT{<-} <-
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265 \TEXT{->} ->
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266 \TEXT{=>} =>
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267 \TEXT{<=} <=
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268 \TEXT{>=} >=
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269 \TEXT{<>} <>
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270 \TEXT{!=} !=
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271 \TEXT{:=} :=
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272 \TEXT{=:} =:
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273 \TEXT{?=} ?=
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274
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275 Unicode codepoints with property ``Sm`` are recognized as mathematical symbol
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276 and highlighted accordingly.
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277
125
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278
159
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279 Punctuation
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280 ===========
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281
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282 Runs of dots ``.``, ``..``, ``...``, ``....``, ... are handled
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283 properly in expressions and yield a punctuation token.
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284 They are not replaced by corresponding Unicode symbols.
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285
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286
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287 Keywords
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288 ========
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289
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290 Explicit Keywords
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291 -----------------
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292
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293 - Start with a backslash character ``\``
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294 - Case-insensitive
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295 - Translated if a translation is found
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296
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297 Parameter handling is as follows:
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298
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299 - Parameters are enclosed in curly braces ``{`` and ``}``
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300 - Escaping within the braces is possible using the backslash ``\``
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301 - Parameters are separated from the keyword/command by a (possibly empty) run
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302 of space or TAB characters.
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303 This is true for required and optional parameters.
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304
162
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305 .. todo:: Escaping
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306
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307 A single backslash is a Generic.Error token
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308
125
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309
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310 With Required Parameters
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311 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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312
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313 .. code-block:: algpseudocode
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314
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315 \TEXT{\PROGRAM {A Program\} or \PROG {A Program\}} \PROGRAM {A Program}
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316 \TEXT{\ALGORITHM{An Algorithm\} or \ALGO{An Algorithm\}} \ALGORITHM{An Algorithm}
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317 \TEXT{\PROCEDURE{A Procedure\} or \PROC{A Procedure\}} \PROCEDURE{A Procedure}
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318 \TEXT{\FUNCTION{A Function\} or \FUNC{A Function\} or \FN{A Function\}} \FUNCTION{A Function}
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319 \TEXT{\CLASS{A Class\}} \CLASS{A Class}
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320
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321 \TEXT{\STATEMENT{the expression\} \STATE{the expression\} \BLOCK{the expression\}} \STATEMENT{the expression}
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322
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323 \TEXT{expr1: \\EXPRESSION{expression a in b\} expr2: \\EXPR{expression b in a\}} \TEXT{expr1: \EXPRESSION{expression a in b} expr2: \EXPR{expression b in a}}
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324
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325 \TEXT{\TEXTSTATEMENT{the text\} \TEXTSTATE{the text\} \TSTATEMENT{the text\} \TSTATE{the text\} \TEXTBLOCK{the text\} \TBLOCK{the text\}} \TEXTSTATEMENT{the text}
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326
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327 \TEXT{\INPUT{Input 1\}} \INPUT{Input 1}
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328 \TEXT{\INPUTS{Input 2\}} \INPUTS{Input 2}
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329
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330 \TEXT{\OUTPUT{Output 1\}} \OUTPUT{Output 1}
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331 \TEXT{\OUTPUTS{Output 2\}} \OUTPUTS{Output 2}
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332
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333 \TEXT{\ENSURE{Whatever should be ensured!\}} \ENSURE{Whatever should be ensured!}
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334
142
5df4403f9e18 Reformae the description of the lexer options
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335 \TEXT{\REQUIRE{Whatever should be required.\}} \REQUIRE{Whatever should be required.}
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336
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337 \TEXT{\RETURNS{Return 2\}} \RETURNS{Return 2}
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338
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339 \TEXT{\CALL{a function\}(p1, p2)} \CALL{a function}(p1, p2)
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340
150
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341 \TEXT{\NAME{an entity name\}} \NAME{an entity name}
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342
125
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343
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344 With Optional Parameters
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345 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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346
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347 Some ``END``-keywords have optional parameters:
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348
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349 .. code-block:: algpseudocode
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350
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351 \TEXT{\ENDPROGRAM \ENDPROG} \ENDPROGRAM
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352 \TEXT{\ENDALGORITHM \ENDALGO} \ENDALGORITHM
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353 \TEXT{\ENDPROCEDURE \ENDPROC} \ENDPROCEDURE
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354 \TEXT{\ENDFUNCTION \ENDFUNC \ENDFN} \ENDFUNCTION
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355 \TEXT{\ENDCLASS} \ENDCLASS
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356
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357 They are used like this:
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358
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359 .. code-block:: algpseudocode
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360
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361 \TEXT{\CLASS{Foo Bar Class\} ... \END CLASS {Foo Bar Class\}} \TEXT{yields} \CLASS{Foo Bar Class} ... \END CLASS {Foo Bar Class}
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362
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363 .. seealso:: Syntax variants: `END-Keywords`_
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364
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365
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366 Without Parameters
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367 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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368
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369 "Normal" Keywords
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370 '''''''''''''''''
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371
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372 .. code-block:: algpseudocode
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373
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374 \TEXT{\IF} \IF
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375 \TEXT{\THEN} \THEN
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376 \TEXT{\ELSE} \ELSE
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377 \TEXT{\ELSEIF or \ELSIF or \ELIF} \ELSEIF \text{or} \ELSIF \text{or} \ELIF
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378 \TEXT{\DO} \DO
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379 \TEXT{\WHILE} \WHILE
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380 \TEXT{\FORALL} \FORALL
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381 \TEXT{\FOR} \FOR
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382 \TEXT{\FROM} \FROM
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383 \TEXT{\TO} \TO
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384 \TEXT{\STEP} \STEP
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385 \TEXT{\IN} \IN
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386 \TEXT{\LOOP} \LOOP
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387 \TEXT{\REPEAT} \REPEAT
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388 \TEXT{\UNTIL} \UNTIL
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389
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390 \TEXT{\RETURN} \RETURN
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391
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392 \TEXT{\BEGIN} \BEGIN
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393 \TEXT{\END} \END
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394
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395 \TEXT{\IS} \IS
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396 \TEXT{\WITH} \WITH
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397
150
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398 \TEXT{\GETS} \GETS
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399
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400 \TEXT{\\REMARK or \\REM} \REMARK A comment with a leading symbol
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401
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402 ``\REMARK`` or ``\REM`` is special: all characters to the end of the
150
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403 line are taken as comment; curly braces are not needed---in fact:
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404 they are interpreted to be part of the comment.
125
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405
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406
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407 END-Keywords
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408 ''''''''''''
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409
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410 The separator character can be empty, a run of ASCII spaces, a run of TAB characters,
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411 a single underscore ``_`` or a single hyphen ``-`` like:
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412
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413 ``\ENDIF``, ``\END IF``, ``\END-IF``, ``\END_IF`` or ``\END IF``
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414
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415
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416 .. code-block:: algpseudocode
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417
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418 \text{\ENDIF} \ENDIF \rem empty
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419
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420 \text{\END IF} \END IF \rem a single space
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421
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422 \text{\END IF} \END IF \rem two spaces
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423
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424 \text{\END-IF} \END-IF \rem a single hyphen
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425
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426 \text{\END_IF} \END_IF \rem a single underscore
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427
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428 \text{\END IF} \END IF \rem a single TAB character
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429
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430 The list of END-keywords (here always just with ``-`` as separator):
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431
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432 .. code-block:: algpseudocode
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433
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434 \text{\END-PROGRAM \END-PROG} \END-PROGRAM
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435 \text{\END-ALGORITHM \END-ALGO} \END-ALGORITHM
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436 \text{\END-PROCEDURE \END-PROC} \END-PROCEDURE
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437 \text{\END-FUNCTION \END-FUNC \END-FN} \END-FUNCTION
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438 \text{\END-CLASS} \END-CLASS
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439 \text{\END-IF} \END-IF
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440 \text{\END-WHILE} \END-WHILE
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441 \text{\END-FOR} \END-FOR
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442 \text{\END-FORALL} \END-FORALL
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443 \text{\END-LOOP} \END-LOOP
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444
88
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445
150
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446 Names and Entities
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447 ==================
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448
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449 In an expression context all other words are interpreted as entity
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450 names (token type :py:class:`pygments.token.Token.Name.Entity`).
150
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451
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452 Allowed characters in the words follow the corresponding `Python`_ rules.
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453 As such, many Unicode characters are allowed.
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454
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455 To highlight entity names with whitespace or other "special" characters in it
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456 use the ``NAME`` command.
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457
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458 .. code-block:: algpseudocode
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459
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460 \TEXT{entity_name_1} entity_name_1
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461
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462 \TEXT{entity_name_2} entity_name_2
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463
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464 \TEXT{\NAME{entity-name 3\}} \NAME{entity-name 3}
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465
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466 \TEXT{München} München
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467
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468 \TEXT{Genève} Genève
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469
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470 .. _explicit-token-types:
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471
88
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472 Explicit Token Types
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473 ====================
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474
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475 Handle keywords and operators that are not handled by default or change
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476 the default handling of some expressions.
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477
156
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478 `XX` represents a `value` in the :py:data:`pygments.token.STANDARD_TYPES`
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479 dict.
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480 Its corresponding token type (the associated `key` in this `dict`) is
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481 used as token type.
88
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482
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483 ``\\tt-XX/SINGLE-CHAR``
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484
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485 no escaping needed
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486
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487 `SINGLE-CHAR` is a single character and can be *every* character
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488 (including a carriage-return or line-feed)
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489
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490 ``\\ttx-XX{CHARACTERS}``
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491
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492 ``\\ttx-XX(CHARACTERS)``
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493
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494 ``\\ttx-XX[CHARACTERS]``
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495
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496 ``\\ttx-XX<CHARACTERS>``
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diff changeset
497
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498 ``\\ttx-XX<SEP>CHARACTERS<SEP>``
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499
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500 No escaping possible! There are enough alternatives available!
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501
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502 `SEP` is one of ``/:|=*+!\$~``.
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503
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504
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505 Examples:
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506
125
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507 .. code-block:: algpseudocode
88
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508
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509 \text{• \\tt-kc/C} \tt-kc/C \rem C as Keyword.Constant
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510 \text{• \\tt-ow/∈} \tt-ow/∈ \rem ∈ as Operator.Word
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511 \text{• \\ttx-kc{A New Constant Keyword\}} \ttx-kc{A New Constant Keyword} \rem As a new Keyword.Constant
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512 \text{• \\ttx-nv{A New Variable Name\}} \ttx-nv{A New Variable Name} \rem An explicit Name.Variable
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513 \text{• \\ttx-k(∈ ∌)} \ttx-k(∈ ∌) \rem ∈ and ∌ as (ordinary) Keywords
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514 \text{• \\ttx-o<∈ ∌>} \ttx-o<∈ ∌> \rem ∈ and ∌ as (ordinary) Operators
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515 /*
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516 * The line below has ∈_∌ as (peculiar) function name.
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517 * Their params are automatic (i.e. a normal expression).
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518 */
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519 \text{• \\ttx-nf<∈_∌>(p1, p2)} \ttx-nf<∈_∌>(p1, p2)
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520 /*
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521 * The line below has ∈_∌ as (peculiar) decorator name (as used in Python).
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522 * Their params are automatic (i.e. a normal expression).
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523 */
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524 \text{• \\ttx-nd[∈_∌](p1, p2)} \ttx-nd[∈_∌](p1, p2)
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525 /*
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526 * This is a non-existing token type: you get some generic error marking
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527 * with a Generic.Error token and no expansion.
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528 */
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529 \text{• \\ttx-NON-EXISTING[∈_∌](p1, p2)} \ttx-NON_EXISTING[∈_∌](p1, p2)
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530
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531 .. note:: Explicit token types are **case-sensitive**.
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532
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533
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534 .. _customized-sphinx-lexers:
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535
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536 Customized Lexers in Sphinx
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537 ===========================
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538
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539 Defining lexers with non-default options in `Sphinx`_ can be done in its
153
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540 configuration file :file:`conf.py`.
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541
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542 The first option is to apply the Sphinx config value ``highlight_options``
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543 properly. An existing lexer can be customized by options.
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544
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545 A more flexible alternative is to define a new lexer in the Sphinx
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546 application. The very same lexer class can be used with different options:
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547
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548 .. code-block:: python
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549
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550 from functools import partial
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551 from pygments_lexer_pseudocode2.lexers.algpseudocode import AlgPseudocodeLexer
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552
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553 def setup(app):
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554
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555 #
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556 # Add a custom lexer: AlgPseudocodeLexer with custom init
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557 # option "no_end".
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558 #
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559 # In modern Sphinx versions given lexer must be callable and may
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560 # not be a lexer instance. So use an indirection with "partial"
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561 # here.
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562 #
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563 app.add_lexer("noend-algpseudocode",
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564 partial(AlgPseudocodeLexer, no_end=True))
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565
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566 Similarily it works for custom styles and filters.
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567
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568 .. note:: Lexers in Sphinx are instantiated with the `raiseonerror` filter
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569 applied by default.
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570 This is also true for custom lexers that are added by
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571 :py:meth:`Sphinx.add_lexer`.
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572
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573 Lexer *instances* that are added to
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574 :py:data:`sphinx.highlighting.lexers` somehow are taken as is by
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575 Sphinx and are not augmented with any default filters.
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576
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577 For older Sphinx versions your mileage may vary.