--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/mupdf-source/thirdparty/tesseract/src/training/unicharset/validate_grapheme.cpp	Mon Sep 15 11:43:07 2025 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+#include "validate_grapheme.h"
+#include "tprintf.h"
+#include "unicode/uchar.h" // From libicu
+
+namespace tesseract {
+
+bool ValidateGrapheme::ConsumeGraphemeIfValid() {
+  const unsigned num_codes = codes_.size();
+  char32 prev_prev_ch = ' ';
+  char32 prev_ch = ' ';
+  CharClass prev_cc = CharClass::kWhitespace;
+  int num_codes_in_grapheme = 0;
+  while (codes_used_ < num_codes) {
+    CharClass cc = codes_[codes_used_].first;
+    char32 ch = codes_[codes_used_].second;
+    const bool is_combiner = cc == CharClass::kCombiner || cc == CharClass::kVirama;
+// TODO: Make this code work well with RTL text.
+// See
+// https://github.com/tesseract-ocr/tesseract/pull/2266#issuecomment-467114751
+#if 0
+    // Reject easily detected badly formed sequences.
+    if (prev_cc == CharClass::kWhitespace && is_combiner) {
+      if (report_errors_) tprintf("Word started with a combiner:0x%x\n", ch);
+     return false;
+    }
+#endif
+    if (prev_cc == CharClass::kVirama && cc == CharClass::kVirama) {
+      if (report_errors_) {
+        tprintf("Two grapheme links in a row:0x%x 0x%x\n", prev_ch, ch);
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (prev_cc != CharClass::kWhitespace && cc != CharClass::kWhitespace &&
+        IsBadlyFormed(prev_ch, ch)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    bool prev_is_fwd_combiner = prev_ch == kZeroWidthJoiner || prev_cc == CharClass::kVirama ||
+                                (prev_ch == kZeroWidthNonJoiner &&
+                                 (cc == CharClass::kVirama || prev_prev_ch == kZeroWidthJoiner));
+    if (num_codes_in_grapheme > 0 && !is_combiner && !prev_is_fwd_combiner) {
+      break;
+    }
+    CodeOnlyToOutput();
+    ++num_codes_in_grapheme;
+    prev_prev_ch = prev_ch;
+    prev_ch = ch;
+    prev_cc = cc;
+  }
+  if (num_codes_in_grapheme > 0) {
+    MultiCodePart(num_codes_in_grapheme);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+Validator::CharClass ValidateGrapheme::UnicodeToCharClass(char32 ch) const {
+  if (IsVedicAccent(ch)) {
+    return CharClass::kVedicMark;
+  }
+  // The ZeroWidth[Non]Joiner characters are mapped to kCombiner as they
+  // always combine with the previous character.
+  if (u_hasBinaryProperty(ch, UCHAR_GRAPHEME_LINK)) {
+    return CharClass::kVirama;
+  }
+  if (u_isUWhiteSpace(ch)) {
+    return CharClass::kWhitespace;
+  }
+  // Workaround for Javanese Aksara's Taling, do not label it as a combiner
+  if (ch == 0xa9ba) {
+    return CharClass::kConsonant;
+  }
+  int char_type = u_charType(ch);
+  if (char_type == U_NON_SPACING_MARK || char_type == U_ENCLOSING_MARK ||
+      char_type == U_COMBINING_SPACING_MARK || ch == kZeroWidthNonJoiner ||
+      ch == kZeroWidthJoiner) {
+    return CharClass::kCombiner;
+  }
+  return CharClass::kOther;
+}
+
+// Helper returns true if the sequence prev_ch,ch is invalid.
+bool ValidateGrapheme::IsBadlyFormed(char32 prev_ch, char32 ch) {
+  // Reject badly formed Indic vowels.
+  if (IsBadlyFormedIndicVowel(prev_ch, ch)) {
+    if (report_errors_) {
+      tprintf("Badly formed Indic vowel sequence:0x%x 0x%x\n", prev_ch, ch);
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (IsBadlyFormedThai(prev_ch, ch)) {
+    if (report_errors_) {
+      tprintf("Badly formed Thai:0x%x 0x%x\n", prev_ch, ch);
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Helper returns true if the sequence prev_ch,ch is an invalid Indic vowel.
+// Some vowels in Indic scripts may be analytically decomposed into atomic pairs
+// of components that are themselves valid unicode symbols. (See Table 12-1 in
+// http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode9.0.0/ch12.pdf
+// for examples in Devanagari). The Unicode standard discourages specifying
+// vowels this way, but they are sometimes encountered in text, probably because
+// some editors still permit it. Renderers however dislike such pairs, and so
+// this function may be used to detect their occurrence for removal.
+// TODO(rays) This function only covers a subset of Indic languages and doesn't
+// include all rules. Add rules as appropriate to support other languages or
+// find a way to generalize these existing rules that makes use of the
+// regularity of the mapping from ISCII to Unicode.
+/* static */
+bool ValidateGrapheme::IsBadlyFormedIndicVowel(char32 prev_ch, char32 ch) {
+  return ((prev_ch == 0x905 && (ch == 0x946 || ch == 0x93E)) || (prev_ch == 0x909 && ch == 0x941) ||
+          (prev_ch == 0x90F && (ch >= 0x945 && ch <= 0x947)) ||
+          (prev_ch == 0x905 && (ch >= 0x949 && ch <= 0x94C)) ||
+          (prev_ch == 0x906 && (ch >= 0x949 && ch <= 0x94C)) ||
+          // Illegal combinations of two dependent Devanagari vowels.
+          (prev_ch == 0x93E && (ch >= 0x945 && ch <= 0x948)) ||
+          // Dependent Devanagari vowels following a virama.
+          (prev_ch == 0x94D && (ch >= 0x93E && ch <= 0x94C)) ||
+          // Bengali vowels (Table 9-5, pg 313)
+          (prev_ch == 0x985 && ch == 0x9BE) ||
+          // Telugu vowels (Table 9-19, pg 331)
+          (prev_ch == 0xC12 && (ch == 0xC55 || ch == 0xC4C)) ||
+          // Kannada vowels (Table 9-20, pg 332)
+          (prev_ch == 0xC92 && ch == 0xCCC));
+}
+
+// Helper returns true if ch is a Thai consonant.
+static bool IsThaiConsonant(char32 ch) {
+  return 0xe01 <= ch && ch <= 0xe2e;
+}
+
+// Helper returns true is ch is a before-consonant vowel.
+static bool IsThaiBeforeConsonantVowel(char32 ch) {
+  return 0xe40 <= ch && ch <= 0xe44;
+}
+
+// Helper returns true if ch is a Thai tone mark.
+static bool IsThaiToneMark(char32 ch) {
+  return 0xe48 <= ch && ch <= 0xe4b;
+}
+
+// Helper returns true if ch is a Thai vowel that may be followed by a tone
+// mark.
+static bool IsThaiTonableVowel(char32 ch) {
+  return (0xe34 <= ch && ch <= 0xe39) || ch == 0xe31;
+}
+
+// Helper returns true if the sequence prev_ch,ch is invalid Thai.
+// These rules come from a native Thai speaker, and are not covered by the
+// Thai section in the unicode book:
+// http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode9.0.0/ch16.pdf
+// Comments below added by Ray interpreting the code ranges.
+/* static */
+bool ValidateGrapheme::IsBadlyFormedThai(char32 prev_ch, char32 ch) {
+  // Tone marks must follow consonants or specific vowels.
+  if (IsThaiToneMark(ch) && !(IsThaiConsonant(prev_ch) || IsThaiTonableVowel(prev_ch))) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  // Tonable vowels must follow consonants.
+  if ((IsThaiTonableVowel(ch) || ch == 0xe47) && !IsThaiConsonant(prev_ch)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  // Thanthakhat must follow consonant or specific vowels.
+  if (ch == 0xe4c && !(IsThaiConsonant(prev_ch) || prev_ch == 0xe38 || prev_ch == 0xe34)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  // Nikkhahit must follow a consonant ?or certain markers?.
+  // TODO(rays) confirm this, but there were so many in the ground truth of the
+  // validation set that it seems reasonable to assume it is valid.
+  if (ch == 0xe4d && !(IsThaiConsonant(prev_ch) || prev_ch == 0xe48 || prev_ch == 0xe49)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  // The vowels e30, e32, e33 can be used more liberally.
+  if ((ch == 0xe30 || ch == 0xe32 || ch == 0xe33) &&
+      !(IsThaiConsonant(prev_ch) || IsThaiToneMark(prev_ch)) &&
+      !(prev_ch == 0xe32 && ch == 0xe30) && !(prev_ch == 0xe4d && ch == 0xe32)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  // Some vowels come before consonants, and therefore cannot follow things
+  // that cannot end a syllable.
+  if (IsThaiBeforeConsonantVowel(ch) &&
+      (IsThaiBeforeConsonantVowel(prev_ch) || prev_ch == 0xe31 || prev_ch == 0xe37)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  // Don't allow the standalone vowel U+0e24 to be followed by other vowels.
+  if ((0xe30 <= ch && ch <= 0xe4D) && prev_ch == 0xe24) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+} // namespace tesseract