--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/mupdf-source/thirdparty/harfbuzz/src/hb-buffer-serialize.cc	Mon Sep 15 11:43:07 2025 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,869 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright © 2012,2013  Google, Inc.
+ *
+ *  This is part of HarfBuzz, a text shaping library.
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, without written agreement and without
+ * license or royalty fees, to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
+ * software and its documentation for any purpose, provided that the
+ * above copyright notice and the following two paragraphs appear in
+ * all copies of this software.
+ *
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN
+ * IF THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+ * DAMAGE.
+ *
+ * THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING,
+ * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS
+ * ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER HAS NO OBLIGATION TO
+ * PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.
+ *
+ * Google Author(s): Behdad Esfahbod
+ */
+
+#include "hb.hh"
+
+#ifndef HB_NO_BUFFER_SERIALIZE
+
+#include "hb-buffer.hh"
+
+
+static const char *_hb_buffer_serialize_formats[] = {
+  "text",
+  "json",
+  nullptr
+};
+
+/**
+ * hb_buffer_serialize_list_formats:
+ *
+ * Returns a list of supported buffer serialization formats.
+ *
+ * Return value: (transfer none):
+ * A string array of buffer serialization formats. Should not be freed.
+ *
+ * Since: 0.9.7
+ **/
+const char **
+hb_buffer_serialize_list_formats ()
+{
+  return _hb_buffer_serialize_formats;
+}
+
+/**
+ * hb_buffer_serialize_format_from_string:
+ * @str: (array length=len) (element-type uint8_t): a string to parse
+ * @len: length of @str, or -1 if string is `NULL` terminated
+ *
+ * Parses a string into an #hb_buffer_serialize_format_t. Does not check if
+ * @str is a valid buffer serialization format, use
+ * hb_buffer_serialize_list_formats() to get the list of supported formats.
+ *
+ * Return value:
+ * The parsed #hb_buffer_serialize_format_t.
+ *
+ * Since: 0.9.7
+ **/
+hb_buffer_serialize_format_t
+hb_buffer_serialize_format_from_string (const char *str, int len)
+{
+  /* Upper-case it. */
+  return (hb_buffer_serialize_format_t) (hb_tag_from_string (str, len) & ~0x20202020u);
+}
+
+/**
+ * hb_buffer_serialize_format_to_string:
+ * @format: an #hb_buffer_serialize_format_t to convert.
+ *
+ * Converts @format to the string corresponding it, or `NULL` if it is not a valid
+ * #hb_buffer_serialize_format_t.
+ *
+ * Return value: (transfer none):
+ * A `NULL` terminated string corresponding to @format. Should not be freed.
+ *
+ * Since: 0.9.7
+ **/
+const char *
+hb_buffer_serialize_format_to_string (hb_buffer_serialize_format_t format)
+{
+  switch ((unsigned) format)
+  {
+    case HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FORMAT_TEXT: return _hb_buffer_serialize_formats[0];
+    case HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FORMAT_JSON: return _hb_buffer_serialize_formats[1];
+    default:
+    case HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FORMAT_INVALID:  return nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+static unsigned int
+_hb_buffer_serialize_glyphs_json (hb_buffer_t *buffer,
+                                  unsigned int start,
+                                  unsigned int end,
+                                  char *buf,
+                                  unsigned int buf_size,
+                                  unsigned int *buf_consumed,
+                                  hb_font_t *font,
+                                  hb_buffer_serialize_flags_t flags)
+{
+  hb_glyph_info_t *info = hb_buffer_get_glyph_infos (buffer, nullptr);
+  hb_glyph_position_t *pos = (flags & HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FLAG_NO_POSITIONS) ?
+                             nullptr : hb_buffer_get_glyph_positions (buffer, nullptr);
+
+  *buf_consumed = 0;
+  hb_position_t x = 0, y = 0;
+  for (unsigned int i = start; i < end; i++)
+  {
+    char b[1024];
+    char *p = b;
+
+    /* In the following code, we know b is large enough that no overflow can happen. */
+
+#define APPEND(s) HB_STMT_START { strcpy (p, s); p += strlen (s); } HB_STMT_END
+
+    if (i)
+      *p++ = ',';
+    else
+      *p++ = '[';
+
+    *p++ = '{';
+
+    APPEND ("\"g\":");
+    if (!(flags & HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FLAG_NO_GLYPH_NAMES))
+    {
+      char g[128];
+      hb_font_glyph_to_string (font, info[i].codepoint, g, sizeof (g));
+      *p++ = '"';
+      for (char *q = g; *q; q++)
+      {
+	if (unlikely (*q == '"' || *q == '\\'))
+	  *p++ = '\\';
+	*p++ = *q;
+      }
+      *p++ = '"';
+    }
+    else
+      p += hb_max (0, snprintf (p, ARRAY_LENGTH (b) - (p - b), "%u", info[i].codepoint));
+
+    if (!(flags & HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FLAG_NO_CLUSTERS)) {
+      p += hb_max (0, snprintf (p, ARRAY_LENGTH (b) - (p - b), ",\"cl\":%u", info[i].cluster));
+    }
+
+    if (!(flags & HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FLAG_NO_POSITIONS))
+    {
+      p += hb_max (0, snprintf (p, ARRAY_LENGTH (b) - (p - b), ",\"dx\":%d,\"dy\":%d",
+		   x+pos[i].x_offset, y+pos[i].y_offset));
+      if (!(flags & HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FLAG_NO_ADVANCES))
+        p += hb_max (0, snprintf (p, ARRAY_LENGTH (b) - (p - b), ",\"ax\":%d,\"ay\":%d",
+		     pos[i].x_advance, pos[i].y_advance));
+    }
+
+    if (flags & HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FLAG_GLYPH_FLAGS)
+    {
+      if (info[i].mask & HB_GLYPH_FLAG_DEFINED)
+        p += hb_max (0, snprintf (p, ARRAY_LENGTH (b) - (p - b), ",\"fl\":%u", info[i].mask & HB_GLYPH_FLAG_DEFINED));
+    }
+
+    if (flags & HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FLAG_GLYPH_EXTENTS)
+    {
+      hb_glyph_extents_t extents;
+      hb_font_get_glyph_extents(font, info[i].codepoint, &extents);
+      p += hb_max (0, snprintf (p, ARRAY_LENGTH (b) - (p - b), ",\"xb\":%d,\"yb\":%d",
+                                extents.x_bearing, extents.y_bearing));
+      p += hb_max (0, snprintf (p, ARRAY_LENGTH (b) - (p - b), ",\"w\":%d,\"h\":%d",
+                                extents.width, extents.height));
+    }
+
+    *p++ = '}';
+    if (i == end-1)
+      *p++ = ']';
+
+    unsigned int l = p - b;
+    if (buf_size > l)
+    {
+      hb_memcpy (buf, b, l);
+      buf += l;
+      buf_size -= l;
+      *buf_consumed += l;
+      *buf = '\0';
+    } else
+      return i - start;
+
+    if (pos && (flags & HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FLAG_NO_ADVANCES))
+    {
+      x += pos[i].x_advance;
+      y += pos[i].y_advance;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return end - start;
+}
+
+static unsigned int
+_hb_buffer_serialize_unicode_json (hb_buffer_t *buffer,
+          unsigned int start,
+          unsigned int end,
+          char *buf,
+          unsigned int buf_size,
+          unsigned int *buf_consumed,
+          hb_buffer_serialize_flags_t flags)
+{
+  hb_glyph_info_t *info = hb_buffer_get_glyph_infos (buffer, nullptr);
+
+  *buf_consumed = 0;
+  for (unsigned int i = start; i < end; i++)
+  {
+    char b[1024];
+    char *p = b;
+
+    if (i)
+      *p++ = ',';
+    else
+      *p++ = '[';
+
+    *p++ = '{';
+
+    APPEND ("\"u\":");
+
+    p += hb_max (0, snprintf (p, ARRAY_LENGTH (b) - (p - b), "%u", info[i].codepoint));
+
+    if (!(flags & HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FLAG_NO_CLUSTERS)) {
+      p += hb_max (0, snprintf (p, ARRAY_LENGTH (b) - (p - b), ",\"cl\":%u", info[i].cluster));
+    }
+
+    *p++ = '}';
+
+    if (i == end-1)
+      *p++ = ']';
+
+    unsigned int l = p - b;
+    if (buf_size > l)
+    {
+      hb_memcpy (buf, b, l);
+      buf += l;
+      buf_size -= l;
+      *buf_consumed += l;
+      *buf = '\0';
+    } else
+      return i - start;
+
+  }
+
+  return end - start;
+}
+
+static unsigned int
+_hb_buffer_serialize_glyphs_text (hb_buffer_t *buffer,
+                                  unsigned int start,
+                                  unsigned int end,
+                                  char *buf,
+                                  unsigned int buf_size,
+                                  unsigned int *buf_consumed,
+                                  hb_font_t *font,
+                                  hb_buffer_serialize_flags_t flags)
+{
+  hb_glyph_info_t *info = hb_buffer_get_glyph_infos (buffer, nullptr);
+  hb_glyph_position_t *pos = (flags & HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FLAG_NO_POSITIONS) ?
+           nullptr : hb_buffer_get_glyph_positions (buffer, nullptr);
+
+  *buf_consumed = 0;
+  hb_position_t x = 0, y = 0;
+  for (unsigned int i = start; i < end; i++)
+  {
+    char b[1024];
+    char *p = b;
+
+    /* In the following code, we know b is large enough that no overflow can happen. */
+
+    if (i)
+      *p++ = '|';
+    else
+      *p++ = '[';
+
+    if (!(flags & HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FLAG_NO_GLYPH_NAMES))
+    {
+      /* TODO Escape delimiters we use. */
+      hb_font_glyph_to_string (font, info[i].codepoint, p, 128);
+      p += strlen (p);
+    }
+    else
+      p += hb_max (0, snprintf (p, ARRAY_LENGTH (b) - (p - b), "%u", info[i].codepoint));
+
+    if (!(flags & HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FLAG_NO_CLUSTERS)) {
+      p += hb_max (0, snprintf (p, ARRAY_LENGTH (b) - (p - b), "=%u", info[i].cluster));
+    }
+
+    if (!(flags & HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FLAG_NO_POSITIONS))
+    {
+      if (x+pos[i].x_offset || y+pos[i].y_offset)
+        p += hb_max (0, snprintf (p, ARRAY_LENGTH (b) - (p - b), "@%d,%d", x+pos[i].x_offset, y+pos[i].y_offset));
+
+      if (!(flags & HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FLAG_NO_ADVANCES))
+      {
+        *p++ = '+';
+        p += hb_max (0, snprintf (p, ARRAY_LENGTH (b) - (p - b), "%d", pos[i].x_advance));
+        if (pos[i].y_advance)
+          p += hb_max (0, snprintf (p, ARRAY_LENGTH (b) - (p - b), ",%d", pos[i].y_advance));
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (flags & HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FLAG_GLYPH_FLAGS)
+    {
+      if (info[i].mask & HB_GLYPH_FLAG_DEFINED)
+        p += hb_max (0, snprintf (p, ARRAY_LENGTH (b) - (p - b), "#%X", info[i].mask &HB_GLYPH_FLAG_DEFINED));
+    }
+
+    if (flags & HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FLAG_GLYPH_EXTENTS)
+    {
+      hb_glyph_extents_t extents;
+      hb_font_get_glyph_extents(font, info[i].codepoint, &extents);
+      p += hb_max (0, snprintf (p, ARRAY_LENGTH (b) - (p - b), "<%d,%d,%d,%d>", extents.x_bearing, extents.y_bearing, extents.width, extents.height));
+    }
+
+    if (i == end-1) {
+      *p++ = ']';
+    }
+
+    unsigned int l = p - b;
+    if (buf_size > l)
+    {
+      hb_memcpy (buf, b, l);
+      buf += l;
+      buf_size -= l;
+      *buf_consumed += l;
+      *buf = '\0';
+    } else
+      return i - start;
+
+    if (pos && (flags & HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FLAG_NO_ADVANCES))
+    {
+      x += pos[i].x_advance;
+      y += pos[i].y_advance;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return end - start;
+}
+
+
+static unsigned int
+_hb_buffer_serialize_unicode_text (hb_buffer_t *buffer,
+                                   unsigned int start,
+                                   unsigned int end,
+                                   char *buf,
+                                   unsigned int buf_size,
+                                   unsigned int *buf_consumed,
+                                   hb_buffer_serialize_flags_t flags)
+{
+  hb_glyph_info_t *info = hb_buffer_get_glyph_infos (buffer, nullptr);
+  *buf_consumed = 0;
+  for (unsigned int i = start; i < end; i++)
+  {
+    char b[1024];
+    char *p = b;
+
+    if (i)
+      *p++ = '|';
+    else
+      *p++ = '<';
+
+    p += hb_max (0, snprintf (p, ARRAY_LENGTH (b) - (p - b), "U+%04X", info[i].codepoint));
+
+    if (!(flags & HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FLAG_NO_CLUSTERS)) {
+      p += hb_max (0, snprintf (p, ARRAY_LENGTH (b) - (p - b), "=%u", info[i].cluster));
+    }
+
+    if (i == end-1)
+      *p++ = '>';
+
+    unsigned int l = p - b;
+    if (buf_size > l)
+    {
+      hb_memcpy (buf, b, l);
+      buf += l;
+      buf_size -= l;
+      *buf_consumed += l;
+      *buf = '\0';
+    } else
+      return i - start;
+  }
+  return end - start;
+}
+
+/**
+ * hb_buffer_serialize_glyphs:
+ * @buffer: an #hb_buffer_t buffer.
+ * @start: the first item in @buffer to serialize.
+ * @end: the last item in @buffer to serialize.
+ * @buf: (out) (array length=buf_size) (element-type uint8_t): output string to
+ *       write serialized buffer into.
+ * @buf_size: the size of @buf.
+ * @buf_consumed: (out) (optional): if not `NULL`, will be set to the number of bytes written into @buf.
+ * @font: (nullable): the #hb_font_t used to shape this buffer, needed to
+ *        read glyph names and extents. If `NULL`, an empty font will be used.
+ * @format: the #hb_buffer_serialize_format_t to use for formatting the output.
+ * @flags: the #hb_buffer_serialize_flags_t that control what glyph properties
+ *         to serialize.
+ *
+ * Serializes @buffer into a textual representation of its glyph content,
+ * useful for showing the contents of the buffer, for example during debugging.
+ * There are currently two supported serialization formats:
+ *
+ * ## text
+ * A human-readable, plain text format.
+ * The serialized glyphs will look something like:
+ *
+ * ```
+ * [uni0651=0@518,0+0|uni0628=0+1897]
+ * ```
+ *
+ * - The serialized glyphs are delimited with `[` and `]`.
+ * - Glyphs are separated with `|`
+ * - Each glyph starts with glyph name, or glyph index if
+ *   #HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FLAG_NO_GLYPH_NAMES flag is set. Then,
+ *   - If #HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FLAG_NO_CLUSTERS is not set, `=` then #hb_glyph_info_t.cluster.
+ *   - If #HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FLAG_NO_POSITIONS is not set, the #hb_glyph_position_t in the format:
+ *     - If both #hb_glyph_position_t.x_offset and #hb_glyph_position_t.y_offset are not 0, `@x_offset,y_offset`. Then,
+ *     - `+x_advance`, then `,y_advance` if #hb_glyph_position_t.y_advance is not 0. Then,
+ *   - If #HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FLAG_GLYPH_EXTENTS is set, the #hb_glyph_extents_t in the format `<x_bearing,y_bearing,width,height>`
+ *
+ * ## json
+ * A machine-readable, structured format.
+ * The serialized glyphs will look something like:
+ *
+ * ```
+ * [{"g":"uni0651","cl":0,"dx":518,"dy":0,"ax":0,"ay":0},
+ * {"g":"uni0628","cl":0,"dx":0,"dy":0,"ax":1897,"ay":0}]
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Each glyph is a JSON object, with the following properties:
+ * - `g`: the glyph name or glyph index if
+ *   #HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FLAG_NO_GLYPH_NAMES flag is set.
+ * - `cl`: #hb_glyph_info_t.cluster if
+ *   #HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FLAG_NO_CLUSTERS is not set.
+ * - `dx`,`dy`,`ax`,`ay`: #hb_glyph_position_t.x_offset, #hb_glyph_position_t.y_offset,
+ *    #hb_glyph_position_t.x_advance and #hb_glyph_position_t.y_advance
+ *    respectively, if #HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FLAG_NO_POSITIONS is not set.
+ * - `xb`,`yb`,`w`,`h`: #hb_glyph_extents_t.x_bearing, #hb_glyph_extents_t.y_bearing,
+ *    #hb_glyph_extents_t.width and #hb_glyph_extents_t.height respectively if
+ *    #HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FLAG_GLYPH_EXTENTS is set.
+ *
+ * Return value:
+ * The number of serialized items.
+ *
+ * Since: 0.9.7
+ **/
+unsigned int
+hb_buffer_serialize_glyphs (hb_buffer_t *buffer,
+                            unsigned int start,
+                            unsigned int end,
+                            char *buf,
+                            unsigned int buf_size,
+                            unsigned int *buf_consumed,
+                            hb_font_t *font,
+                            hb_buffer_serialize_format_t format,
+                            hb_buffer_serialize_flags_t flags)
+{
+  end = hb_clamp (end, start, buffer->len);
+  start = hb_min (start, end);
+
+  unsigned int sconsumed;
+  if (!buf_consumed)
+    buf_consumed = &sconsumed;
+  *buf_consumed = 0;
+  if (buf_size)
+    *buf = '\0';
+
+  buffer->assert_glyphs ();
+
+  if (!buffer->have_positions)
+    flags |= HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FLAG_NO_POSITIONS;
+
+  if (unlikely (start == end))
+    return 0;
+
+  if (!font)
+    font = hb_font_get_empty ();
+
+  switch (format)
+  {
+    case HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FORMAT_TEXT:
+      return _hb_buffer_serialize_glyphs_text (buffer, start, end,
+                 buf, buf_size, buf_consumed,
+                 font, flags);
+
+    case HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FORMAT_JSON:
+      return _hb_buffer_serialize_glyphs_json (buffer, start, end,
+                 buf, buf_size, buf_consumed,
+                 font, flags);
+
+    default:
+    case HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FORMAT_INVALID:
+      return 0;
+
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * hb_buffer_serialize_unicode:
+ * @buffer: an #hb_buffer_t buffer.
+ * @start: the first item in @buffer to serialize.
+ * @end: the last item in @buffer to serialize.
+ * @buf: (out) (array length=buf_size) (element-type uint8_t): output string to
+ *       write serialized buffer into.
+ * @buf_size: the size of @buf.
+ * @buf_consumed: (out) (optional): if not `NULL`, will be set to the number of bytes written into @buf.
+ * @format: the #hb_buffer_serialize_format_t to use for formatting the output.
+ * @flags: the #hb_buffer_serialize_flags_t that control what glyph properties
+ *         to serialize.
+ *
+ * Serializes @buffer into a textual representation of its content,
+ * when the buffer contains Unicode codepoints (i.e., before shaping). This is
+ * useful for showing the contents of the buffer, for example during debugging.
+ * There are currently two supported serialization formats:
+ *
+ * ## text
+ * A human-readable, plain text format.
+ * The serialized codepoints will look something like:
+ *
+ * ```
+ *  <U+0651=0|U+0628=1>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * - Glyphs are separated with `|`
+ * - Unicode codepoints are expressed as zero-padded four (or more)
+ *   digit hexadecimal numbers preceded by `U+`
+ * - If #HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FLAG_NO_CLUSTERS is not set, the cluster
+ *   will be indicated with a `=` then #hb_glyph_info_t.cluster.
+ *
+ * ## json
+ * A machine-readable, structured format.
+ * The serialized codepoints will be a list of objects with the following
+ * properties:
+ * - `u`: the Unicode codepoint as a decimal integer
+ * - `cl`: #hb_glyph_info_t.cluster if
+ *   #HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FLAG_NO_CLUSTERS is not set.
+ *
+ * For example:
+ *
+ * ```
+ * [{u:1617,cl:0},{u:1576,cl:1}]
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Return value:
+ * The number of serialized items.
+ *
+ * Since: 2.7.3
+ **/
+unsigned int
+hb_buffer_serialize_unicode (hb_buffer_t *buffer,
+                             unsigned int start,
+                             unsigned int end,
+                             char *buf,
+                             unsigned int buf_size,
+                             unsigned int *buf_consumed,
+                             hb_buffer_serialize_format_t format,
+                             hb_buffer_serialize_flags_t flags)
+{
+  end = hb_clamp (end, start, buffer->len);
+  start = hb_min (start, end);
+
+  unsigned int sconsumed;
+  if (!buf_consumed)
+    buf_consumed = &sconsumed;
+  *buf_consumed = 0;
+  if (buf_size)
+    *buf = '\0';
+
+  buffer->assert_unicode ();
+
+  if (unlikely (start == end))
+    return 0;
+
+  switch (format)
+  {
+    case HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FORMAT_TEXT:
+      return _hb_buffer_serialize_unicode_text (buffer, start, end,
+                                                buf, buf_size, buf_consumed, flags);
+
+    case HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FORMAT_JSON:
+      return _hb_buffer_serialize_unicode_json (buffer, start, end,
+                                                buf, buf_size, buf_consumed, flags);
+
+    default:
+    case HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FORMAT_INVALID:
+      return 0;
+
+  }
+}
+
+static unsigned int
+_hb_buffer_serialize_invalid (hb_buffer_t *buffer,
+                              unsigned int start,
+                              unsigned int end,
+                              char *buf,
+                              unsigned int buf_size,
+                              unsigned int *buf_consumed,
+                              hb_buffer_serialize_format_t format,
+                              hb_buffer_serialize_flags_t flags)
+{
+  assert (!buffer->len);
+
+  unsigned int sconsumed;
+  if (!buf_consumed)
+    buf_consumed = &sconsumed;
+  if (buf_size < 3)
+    return 0;
+  if (format == HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FORMAT_JSON) {
+    *buf++ = '[';
+    *buf++ = ']';
+    *buf = '\0';
+  } else if (format == HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FORMAT_TEXT) {
+    *buf++ = '!';
+    *buf++ = '!';
+    *buf = '\0';
+  }
+  *buf_consumed = 2;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * hb_buffer_serialize:
+ * @buffer: an #hb_buffer_t buffer.
+ * @start: the first item in @buffer to serialize.
+ * @end: the last item in @buffer to serialize.
+ * @buf: (out) (array length=buf_size) (element-type uint8_t): output string to
+ *       write serialized buffer into.
+ * @buf_size: the size of @buf.
+ * @buf_consumed: (out) (optional): if not `NULL`, will be set to the number of bytes written into @buf.
+ * @font: (nullable): the #hb_font_t used to shape this buffer, needed to
+ *        read glyph names and extents. If `NULL`, an empty font will be used.
+ * @format: the #hb_buffer_serialize_format_t to use for formatting the output.
+ * @flags: the #hb_buffer_serialize_flags_t that control what glyph properties
+ *         to serialize.
+ *
+ * Serializes @buffer into a textual representation of its content, whether
+ * Unicode codepoints or glyph identifiers and positioning information. This is
+ * useful for showing the contents of the buffer, for example during debugging.
+ * See the documentation of hb_buffer_serialize_unicode() and
+ * hb_buffer_serialize_glyphs() for a description of the output format.
+ *
+ * Return value:
+ * The number of serialized items.
+ *
+ * Since: 2.7.3
+ **/
+unsigned int
+hb_buffer_serialize (hb_buffer_t *buffer,
+                     unsigned int start,
+                     unsigned int end,
+                     char *buf,
+                     unsigned int buf_size,
+                     unsigned int *buf_consumed,
+                     hb_font_t *font,
+                     hb_buffer_serialize_format_t format,
+                     hb_buffer_serialize_flags_t flags)
+{
+  switch (buffer->content_type)
+  {
+
+    case HB_BUFFER_CONTENT_TYPE_GLYPHS:
+      return hb_buffer_serialize_glyphs (buffer, start, end, buf, buf_size,
+					 buf_consumed, font, format, flags);
+
+    case HB_BUFFER_CONTENT_TYPE_UNICODE:
+      return hb_buffer_serialize_unicode (buffer, start, end, buf, buf_size,
+					  buf_consumed, format, flags);
+
+    case HB_BUFFER_CONTENT_TYPE_INVALID:
+    default:
+      return _hb_buffer_serialize_invalid (buffer, start, end, buf, buf_size,
+					   buf_consumed, format, flags);
+  }
+}
+
+static bool
+parse_int (const char *pp, const char *end, int32_t *pv)
+{
+  int v;
+  const char *p = pp;
+  if (unlikely (!hb_parse_int (&p, end, &v, true/* whole buffer */)))
+    return false;
+
+  *pv = v;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool
+parse_uint (const char *pp, const char *end, uint32_t *pv)
+{
+  unsigned int v;
+  const char *p = pp;
+  if (unlikely (!hb_parse_uint (&p, end, &v, true/* whole buffer */)))
+    return false;
+
+  *pv = v;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool
+parse_hex (const char *pp, const char *end, uint32_t *pv)
+{
+  unsigned int v;
+  const char *p = pp;
+  if (unlikely (!hb_parse_uint (&p, end, &v, true/* whole buffer */, 16)))
+    return false;
+
+  *pv = v;
+  return true;
+}
+
+#include "hb-buffer-deserialize-json.hh"
+#include "hb-buffer-deserialize-text.hh"
+
+/**
+ * hb_buffer_deserialize_glyphs:
+ * @buffer: an #hb_buffer_t buffer.
+ * @buf: (array length=buf_len): string to deserialize
+ * @buf_len: the size of @buf, or -1 if it is `NULL`-terminated
+ * @end_ptr: (out) (optional): output pointer to the character after last
+ *                               consumed one.
+ * @font: (nullable): font for getting glyph IDs
+ * @format: the #hb_buffer_serialize_format_t of the input @buf
+ *
+ * Deserializes glyphs @buffer from textual representation in the format
+ * produced by hb_buffer_serialize_glyphs().
+ *
+ * Return value: `true` if @buf is not fully consumed, `false` otherwise.
+ *
+ * Since: 0.9.7
+ **/
+hb_bool_t
+hb_buffer_deserialize_glyphs (hb_buffer_t *buffer,
+                              const char *buf,
+                              int buf_len, /* -1 means nul-terminated */
+                              const char **end_ptr, /* May be NULL */
+                              hb_font_t *font, /* May be NULL */
+                              hb_buffer_serialize_format_t format)
+{
+  const char *end;
+  if (!end_ptr)
+    end_ptr = &end;
+  *end_ptr = buf;
+
+  buffer->assert_glyphs ();
+
+  if (unlikely (hb_object_is_immutable (buffer)))
+  {
+    if (end_ptr)
+      *end_ptr = buf;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (buf_len == -1)
+    buf_len = strlen (buf);
+
+  if (!buf_len)
+  {
+    *end_ptr = buf;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  hb_buffer_set_content_type (buffer, HB_BUFFER_CONTENT_TYPE_GLYPHS);
+
+  if (!font)
+    font = hb_font_get_empty ();
+
+  switch (format)
+  {
+    case HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FORMAT_TEXT:
+      return _hb_buffer_deserialize_text (buffer,
+                                          buf, buf_len, end_ptr,
+                                          font);
+
+    case HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FORMAT_JSON:
+      return _hb_buffer_deserialize_json (buffer,
+                                          buf, buf_len, end_ptr,
+                                          font);
+
+    default:
+    case HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FORMAT_INVALID:
+      return false;
+
+  }
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * hb_buffer_deserialize_unicode:
+ * @buffer: an #hb_buffer_t buffer.
+ * @buf: (array length=buf_len): string to deserialize
+ * @buf_len: the size of @buf, or -1 if it is `NULL`-terminated
+ * @end_ptr: (out) (optional): output pointer to the character after last
+ *                               consumed one.
+ * @format: the #hb_buffer_serialize_format_t of the input @buf
+ *
+ * Deserializes Unicode @buffer from textual representation in the format
+ * produced by hb_buffer_serialize_unicode().
+ *
+ * Return value: `true` if @buf is not fully consumed, `false` otherwise.
+ *
+ * Since: 2.7.3
+ **/
+hb_bool_t
+hb_buffer_deserialize_unicode (hb_buffer_t *buffer,
+                               const char *buf,
+                               int buf_len, /* -1 means nul-terminated */
+                               const char **end_ptr, /* May be NULL */
+                               hb_buffer_serialize_format_t format)
+{
+  const char *end;
+  if (!end_ptr)
+    end_ptr = &end;
+  *end_ptr = buf;
+
+  buffer->assert_unicode ();
+
+  if (unlikely (hb_object_is_immutable (buffer)))
+  {
+    if (end_ptr)
+      *end_ptr = buf;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (buf_len == -1)
+    buf_len = strlen (buf);
+
+  if (!buf_len)
+  {
+    *end_ptr = buf;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  hb_buffer_set_content_type (buffer, HB_BUFFER_CONTENT_TYPE_UNICODE);
+
+  hb_font_t* font = hb_font_get_empty ();
+
+  switch (format)
+  {
+    case HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FORMAT_TEXT:
+      return _hb_buffer_deserialize_text (buffer,
+                                          buf, buf_len, end_ptr,
+                                          font);
+
+    case HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FORMAT_JSON:
+      return _hb_buffer_deserialize_json (buffer,
+                                          buf, buf_len, end_ptr,
+                                          font);
+
+    default:
+    case HB_BUFFER_SERIALIZE_FORMAT_INVALID:
+      return false;
+
+  }
+}
+
+
+#endif