--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/mupdf-source/thirdparty/curl/lib/url.c	Mon Sep 15 11:43:07 2025 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,4038 @@
+/***************************************************************************
+ *                                  _   _ ____  _
+ *  Project                     ___| | | |  _ \| |
+ *                             / __| | | | |_) | |
+ *                            | (__| |_| |  _ <| |___
+ *                             \___|\___/|_| \_\_____|
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 1998 - 2019, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
+ *
+ * This software is licensed as described in the file COPYING, which
+ * you should have received as part of this distribution. The terms
+ * are also available at https://curl.haxx.se/docs/copyright.html.
+ *
+ * You may opt to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, under the terms of the COPYING file.
+ *
+ * This software is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.
+ *
+ ***************************************************************************/
+
+#include "curl_setup.h"
+
+#ifdef HAVE_NETINET_IN_H
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_NETDB_H
+#include <netdb.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_ARPA_INET_H
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_NET_IF_H
+#include <net/if.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_IPHLPAPI_H
+#include <Iphlpapi.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_IOCTL_H
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __VMS
+#include <in.h>
+#include <inet.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_UN_H
+#include <sys/un.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifndef HAVE_SOCKET
+#error "We can't compile without socket() support!"
+#endif
+
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#ifdef USE_LIBIDN2
+#include <idn2.h>
+
+#elif defined(USE_WIN32_IDN)
+/* prototype for curl_win32_idn_to_ascii() */
+bool curl_win32_idn_to_ascii(const char *in, char **out);
+#endif  /* USE_LIBIDN2 */
+
+#include "urldata.h"
+#include "netrc.h"
+
+#include "formdata.h"
+#include "mime.h"
+#include "vtls/vtls.h"
+#include "hostip.h"
+#include "transfer.h"
+#include "sendf.h"
+#include "progress.h"
+#include "cookie.h"
+#include "strcase.h"
+#include "strerror.h"
+#include "escape.h"
+#include "strtok.h"
+#include "share.h"
+#include "content_encoding.h"
+#include "http_digest.h"
+#include "http_negotiate.h"
+#include "select.h"
+#include "multiif.h"
+#include "easyif.h"
+#include "speedcheck.h"
+#include "warnless.h"
+#include "non-ascii.h"
+#include "inet_pton.h"
+#include "getinfo.h"
+#include "urlapi-int.h"
+#include "system_win32.h"
+
+/* And now for the protocols */
+#include "ftp.h"
+#include "dict.h"
+#include "telnet.h"
+#include "tftp.h"
+#include "http.h"
+#include "http2.h"
+#include "file.h"
+#include "curl_ldap.h"
+#include "ssh.h"
+#include "imap.h"
+#include "url.h"
+#include "connect.h"
+#include "inet_ntop.h"
+#include "http_ntlm.h"
+#include "curl_rtmp.h"
+#include "gopher.h"
+#include "http_proxy.h"
+#include "conncache.h"
+#include "multihandle.h"
+#include "dotdot.h"
+#include "strdup.h"
+#include "setopt.h"
+#include "altsvc.h"
+
+/* The last 3 #include files should be in this order */
+#include "curl_printf.h"
+#include "curl_memory.h"
+#include "memdebug.h"
+
+static void conn_free(struct connectdata *conn);
+static void free_idnconverted_hostname(struct hostname *host);
+static unsigned int get_protocol_family(unsigned int protocol);
+
+/* Some parts of the code (e.g. chunked encoding) assume this buffer has at
+ * more than just a few bytes to play with. Don't let it become too small or
+ * bad things will happen.
+ */
+#if READBUFFER_SIZE < READBUFFER_MIN
+# error READBUFFER_SIZE is too small
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+ * Protocol table.
+ */
+
+static const struct Curl_handler * const protocols[] = {
+
+#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_HTTP
+  &Curl_handler_http,
+#endif
+
+#if defined(USE_SSL) && !defined(CURL_DISABLE_HTTP)
+  &Curl_handler_https,
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_FTP
+  &Curl_handler_ftp,
+#endif
+
+#if defined(USE_SSL) && !defined(CURL_DISABLE_FTP)
+  &Curl_handler_ftps,
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_TELNET
+  &Curl_handler_telnet,
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_DICT
+  &Curl_handler_dict,
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_LDAP
+  &Curl_handler_ldap,
+#if !defined(CURL_DISABLE_LDAPS) && \
+    ((defined(USE_OPENLDAP) && defined(USE_SSL)) || \
+     (!defined(USE_OPENLDAP) && defined(HAVE_LDAP_SSL)))
+  &Curl_handler_ldaps,
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_FILE
+  &Curl_handler_file,
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_TFTP
+  &Curl_handler_tftp,
+#endif
+
+#if defined(USE_SSH)
+  &Curl_handler_scp,
+#endif
+
+#if defined(USE_SSH)
+  &Curl_handler_sftp,
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_IMAP
+  &Curl_handler_imap,
+#ifdef USE_SSL
+  &Curl_handler_imaps,
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_POP3
+  &Curl_handler_pop3,
+#ifdef USE_SSL
+  &Curl_handler_pop3s,
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(CURL_DISABLE_SMB) && defined(USE_NTLM) && \
+   (CURL_SIZEOF_CURL_OFF_T > 4) && \
+   (!defined(USE_WINDOWS_SSPI) || defined(USE_WIN32_CRYPTO))
+  &Curl_handler_smb,
+#ifdef USE_SSL
+  &Curl_handler_smbs,
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_SMTP
+  &Curl_handler_smtp,
+#ifdef USE_SSL
+  &Curl_handler_smtps,
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_RTSP
+  &Curl_handler_rtsp,
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_GOPHER
+  &Curl_handler_gopher,
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_LIBRTMP
+  &Curl_handler_rtmp,
+  &Curl_handler_rtmpt,
+  &Curl_handler_rtmpe,
+  &Curl_handler_rtmpte,
+  &Curl_handler_rtmps,
+  &Curl_handler_rtmpts,
+#endif
+
+  (struct Curl_handler *) NULL
+};
+
+/*
+ * Dummy handler for undefined protocol schemes.
+ */
+
+static const struct Curl_handler Curl_handler_dummy = {
+  "<no protocol>",                      /* scheme */
+  ZERO_NULL,                            /* setup_connection */
+  ZERO_NULL,                            /* do_it */
+  ZERO_NULL,                            /* done */
+  ZERO_NULL,                            /* do_more */
+  ZERO_NULL,                            /* connect_it */
+  ZERO_NULL,                            /* connecting */
+  ZERO_NULL,                            /* doing */
+  ZERO_NULL,                            /* proto_getsock */
+  ZERO_NULL,                            /* doing_getsock */
+  ZERO_NULL,                            /* domore_getsock */
+  ZERO_NULL,                            /* perform_getsock */
+  ZERO_NULL,                            /* disconnect */
+  ZERO_NULL,                            /* readwrite */
+  ZERO_NULL,                            /* connection_check */
+  0,                                    /* defport */
+  0,                                    /* protocol */
+  PROTOPT_NONE                          /* flags */
+};
+
+void Curl_freeset(struct Curl_easy *data)
+{
+  /* Free all dynamic strings stored in the data->set substructure. */
+  enum dupstring i;
+  for(i = (enum dupstring)0; i < STRING_LAST; i++) {
+    Curl_safefree(data->set.str[i]);
+  }
+
+  if(data->change.referer_alloc) {
+    Curl_safefree(data->change.referer);
+    data->change.referer_alloc = FALSE;
+  }
+  data->change.referer = NULL;
+  if(data->change.url_alloc) {
+    Curl_safefree(data->change.url);
+    data->change.url_alloc = FALSE;
+  }
+  data->change.url = NULL;
+
+  Curl_mime_cleanpart(&data->set.mimepost);
+}
+
+/* free the URL pieces */
+static void up_free(struct Curl_easy *data)
+{
+  struct urlpieces *up = &data->state.up;
+  Curl_safefree(up->scheme);
+  Curl_safefree(up->hostname);
+  Curl_safefree(up->port);
+  Curl_safefree(up->user);
+  Curl_safefree(up->password);
+  Curl_safefree(up->options);
+  Curl_safefree(up->path);
+  Curl_safefree(up->query);
+  curl_url_cleanup(data->state.uh);
+  data->state.uh = NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is the internal function curl_easy_cleanup() calls. This should
+ * cleanup and free all resources associated with this sessionhandle.
+ *
+ * NOTE: if we ever add something that attempts to write to a socket or
+ * similar here, we must ignore SIGPIPE first. It is currently only done
+ * when curl_easy_perform() is invoked.
+ */
+
+CURLcode Curl_close(struct Curl_easy *data)
+{
+  struct Curl_multi *m;
+
+  if(!data)
+    return CURLE_OK;
+
+  Curl_expire_clear(data); /* shut off timers */
+
+  m = data->multi;
+  if(m)
+    /* This handle is still part of a multi handle, take care of this first
+       and detach this handle from there. */
+    curl_multi_remove_handle(data->multi, data);
+
+  if(data->multi_easy) {
+    /* when curl_easy_perform() is used, it creates its own multi handle to
+       use and this is the one */
+    curl_multi_cleanup(data->multi_easy);
+    data->multi_easy = NULL;
+  }
+
+  /* Destroy the timeout list that is held in the easy handle. It is
+     /normally/ done by curl_multi_remove_handle() but this is "just in
+     case" */
+  Curl_llist_destroy(&data->state.timeoutlist, NULL);
+
+  data->magic = 0; /* force a clear AFTER the possibly enforced removal from
+                      the multi handle, since that function uses the magic
+                      field! */
+
+  if(data->state.rangestringalloc)
+    free(data->state.range);
+
+  /* freed here just in case DONE wasn't called */
+  Curl_free_request_state(data);
+
+  /* Close down all open SSL info and sessions */
+  Curl_ssl_close_all(data);
+  Curl_safefree(data->state.first_host);
+  Curl_safefree(data->state.scratch);
+  Curl_ssl_free_certinfo(data);
+
+  /* Cleanup possible redirect junk */
+  free(data->req.newurl);
+  data->req.newurl = NULL;
+
+  if(data->change.referer_alloc) {
+    Curl_safefree(data->change.referer);
+    data->change.referer_alloc = FALSE;
+  }
+  data->change.referer = NULL;
+
+  up_free(data);
+  Curl_safefree(data->state.buffer);
+  Curl_safefree(data->state.headerbuff);
+  Curl_safefree(data->state.ulbuf);
+  Curl_flush_cookies(data, 1);
+#ifdef USE_ALTSVC
+  Curl_altsvc_save(data->asi, data->set.str[STRING_ALTSVC]);
+  Curl_altsvc_cleanup(data->asi);
+  data->asi = NULL;
+#endif
+#if !defined(CURL_DISABLE_HTTP) && !defined(CURL_DISABLE_CRYPTO_AUTH)
+  Curl_http_auth_cleanup_digest(data);
+#endif
+  Curl_safefree(data->info.contenttype);
+  Curl_safefree(data->info.wouldredirect);
+
+  /* this destroys the channel and we cannot use it anymore after this */
+  Curl_resolver_cleanup(data->state.resolver);
+
+  Curl_http2_cleanup_dependencies(data);
+  Curl_convert_close(data);
+
+  /* No longer a dirty share, if it exists */
+  if(data->share) {
+    Curl_share_lock(data, CURL_LOCK_DATA_SHARE, CURL_LOCK_ACCESS_SINGLE);
+    data->share->dirty--;
+    Curl_share_unlock(data, CURL_LOCK_DATA_SHARE);
+  }
+
+  /* destruct wildcard structures if it is needed */
+  Curl_wildcard_dtor(&data->wildcard);
+  Curl_freeset(data);
+  free(data);
+  return CURLE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Initialize the UserDefined fields within a Curl_easy.
+ * This may be safely called on a new or existing Curl_easy.
+ */
+CURLcode Curl_init_userdefined(struct Curl_easy *data)
+{
+  struct UserDefined *set = &data->set;
+  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
+
+  set->out = stdout; /* default output to stdout */
+  set->in_set = stdin;  /* default input from stdin */
+  set->err  = stderr;  /* default stderr to stderr */
+
+  /* use fwrite as default function to store output */
+  set->fwrite_func = (curl_write_callback)fwrite;
+
+  /* use fread as default function to read input */
+  set->fread_func_set = (curl_read_callback)fread;
+  set->is_fread_set = 0;
+  set->is_fwrite_set = 0;
+
+  set->seek_func = ZERO_NULL;
+  set->seek_client = ZERO_NULL;
+
+  /* conversion callbacks for non-ASCII hosts */
+  set->convfromnetwork = ZERO_NULL;
+  set->convtonetwork   = ZERO_NULL;
+  set->convfromutf8    = ZERO_NULL;
+
+  set->filesize = -1;        /* we don't know the size */
+  set->postfieldsize = -1;   /* unknown size */
+  set->maxredirs = -1;       /* allow any amount by default */
+
+  set->httpreq = HTTPREQ_GET; /* Default HTTP request */
+  set->rtspreq = RTSPREQ_OPTIONS; /* Default RTSP request */
+#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_FTP
+  set->ftp_use_epsv = TRUE;   /* FTP defaults to EPSV operations */
+  set->ftp_use_eprt = TRUE;   /* FTP defaults to EPRT operations */
+  set->ftp_use_pret = FALSE;  /* mainly useful for drftpd servers */
+  set->ftp_filemethod = FTPFILE_MULTICWD;
+#endif
+  set->dns_cache_timeout = 60; /* Timeout every 60 seconds by default */
+
+  /* Set the default size of the SSL session ID cache */
+  set->general_ssl.max_ssl_sessions = 5;
+
+  set->proxyport = 0;
+  set->proxytype = CURLPROXY_HTTP; /* defaults to HTTP proxy */
+  set->httpauth = CURLAUTH_BASIC;  /* defaults to basic */
+  set->proxyauth = CURLAUTH_BASIC; /* defaults to basic */
+
+  /* SOCKS5 proxy auth defaults to username/password + GSS-API */
+  set->socks5auth = CURLAUTH_BASIC | CURLAUTH_GSSAPI;
+
+  /* make libcurl quiet by default: */
+  set->hide_progress = TRUE;  /* CURLOPT_NOPROGRESS changes these */
+
+  Curl_mime_initpart(&set->mimepost, data);
+
+  /*
+   * libcurl 7.10 introduced SSL verification *by default*! This needs to be
+   * switched off unless wanted.
+   */
+  set->ssl.primary.verifypeer = TRUE;
+  set->ssl.primary.verifyhost = TRUE;
+#ifdef USE_TLS_SRP
+  set->ssl.authtype = CURL_TLSAUTH_NONE;
+#endif
+  set->ssh_auth_types = CURLSSH_AUTH_DEFAULT; /* defaults to any auth
+                                                      type */
+  set->ssl.primary.sessionid = TRUE; /* session ID caching enabled by
+                                        default */
+  set->proxy_ssl = set->ssl;
+
+  set->new_file_perms = 0644;    /* Default permissions */
+  set->new_directory_perms = 0755; /* Default permissions */
+
+  /* for the *protocols fields we don't use the CURLPROTO_ALL convenience
+     define since we internally only use the lower 16 bits for the passed
+     in bitmask to not conflict with the private bits */
+  set->allowed_protocols = CURLPROTO_ALL;
+  set->redir_protocols = CURLPROTO_HTTP | CURLPROTO_HTTPS | CURLPROTO_FTP |
+                         CURLPROTO_FTPS;
+
+#if defined(HAVE_GSSAPI) || defined(USE_WINDOWS_SSPI)
+  /*
+   * disallow unprotected protection negotiation NEC reference implementation
+   * seem not to follow rfc1961 section 4.3/4.4
+   */
+  set->socks5_gssapi_nec = FALSE;
+#endif
+
+  /* Set the default CA cert bundle/path detected/specified at build time.
+   *
+   * If Schannel is the selected SSL backend then these locations are
+   * ignored. We allow setting CA location for schannel only when explicitly
+   * specified by the user via CURLOPT_CAINFO / --cacert.
+   */
+  if(Curl_ssl_backend() != CURLSSLBACKEND_SCHANNEL) {
+#if defined(CURL_CA_BUNDLE)
+    result = Curl_setstropt(&set->str[STRING_SSL_CAFILE_ORIG], CURL_CA_BUNDLE);
+    if(result)
+      return result;
+
+    result = Curl_setstropt(&set->str[STRING_SSL_CAFILE_PROXY],
+                            CURL_CA_BUNDLE);
+    if(result)
+      return result;
+#endif
+#if defined(CURL_CA_PATH)
+    result = Curl_setstropt(&set->str[STRING_SSL_CAPATH_ORIG], CURL_CA_PATH);
+    if(result)
+      return result;
+
+    result = Curl_setstropt(&set->str[STRING_SSL_CAPATH_PROXY], CURL_CA_PATH);
+    if(result)
+      return result;
+#endif
+  }
+
+  set->wildcard_enabled = FALSE;
+  set->chunk_bgn      = ZERO_NULL;
+  set->chunk_end      = ZERO_NULL;
+  set->tcp_keepalive = FALSE;
+  set->tcp_keepintvl = 60;
+  set->tcp_keepidle = 60;
+  set->tcp_fastopen = FALSE;
+  set->tcp_nodelay = TRUE;
+  set->ssl_enable_npn = TRUE;
+  set->ssl_enable_alpn = TRUE;
+  set->expect_100_timeout = 1000L; /* Wait for a second by default. */
+  set->sep_headers = TRUE; /* separated header lists by default */
+  set->buffer_size = READBUFFER_SIZE;
+  set->upload_buffer_size = UPLOADBUFFER_DEFAULT;
+  set->happy_eyeballs_timeout = CURL_HET_DEFAULT;
+  set->fnmatch = ZERO_NULL;
+  set->upkeep_interval_ms = CURL_UPKEEP_INTERVAL_DEFAULT;
+  set->maxconnects = DEFAULT_CONNCACHE_SIZE; /* for easy handles */
+  set->maxage_conn = 118;
+  set->http09_allowed = FALSE;
+  set->httpversion =
+#ifdef USE_NGHTTP2
+    CURL_HTTP_VERSION_2TLS
+#else
+    CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_1
+#endif
+    ;
+  Curl_http2_init_userset(set);
+  return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Curl_open()
+ *
+ * @param curl is a pointer to a sessionhandle pointer that gets set by this
+ * function.
+ * @return CURLcode
+ */
+
+CURLcode Curl_open(struct Curl_easy **curl)
+{
+  CURLcode result;
+  struct Curl_easy *data;
+
+  /* Very simple start-up: alloc the struct, init it with zeroes and return */
+  data = calloc(1, sizeof(struct Curl_easy));
+  if(!data) {
+    /* this is a very serious error */
+    DEBUGF(fprintf(stderr, "Error: calloc of Curl_easy failed\n"));
+    return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+  }
+
+  data->magic = CURLEASY_MAGIC_NUMBER;
+
+  result = Curl_resolver_init(data, &data->state.resolver);
+  if(result) {
+    DEBUGF(fprintf(stderr, "Error: resolver_init failed\n"));
+    free(data);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /* We do some initial setup here, all those fields that can't be just 0 */
+
+  data->state.buffer = malloc(READBUFFER_SIZE + 1);
+  if(!data->state.buffer) {
+    DEBUGF(fprintf(stderr, "Error: malloc of buffer failed\n"));
+    result = CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+  }
+  else {
+    data->state.headerbuff = malloc(HEADERSIZE);
+    if(!data->state.headerbuff) {
+      DEBUGF(fprintf(stderr, "Error: malloc of headerbuff failed\n"));
+      result = CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+    }
+    else {
+      result = Curl_init_userdefined(data);
+
+      data->state.headersize = HEADERSIZE;
+      Curl_convert_init(data);
+      Curl_initinfo(data);
+
+      /* most recent connection is not yet defined */
+      data->state.lastconnect = NULL;
+
+      data->progress.flags |= PGRS_HIDE;
+      data->state.current_speed = -1; /* init to negative == impossible */
+
+      Curl_http2_init_state(&data->state);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(result) {
+    Curl_resolver_cleanup(data->state.resolver);
+    free(data->state.buffer);
+    free(data->state.headerbuff);
+    Curl_freeset(data);
+    free(data);
+    data = NULL;
+  }
+  else
+    *curl = data;
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_RECV_BEFORE_SEND_WORKAROUND
+static void conn_reset_postponed_data(struct connectdata *conn, int num)
+{
+  struct postponed_data * const psnd = &(conn->postponed[num]);
+  if(psnd->buffer) {
+    DEBUGASSERT(psnd->allocated_size > 0);
+    DEBUGASSERT(psnd->recv_size <= psnd->allocated_size);
+    DEBUGASSERT(psnd->recv_size ?
+                (psnd->recv_processed < psnd->recv_size) :
+                (psnd->recv_processed == 0));
+    DEBUGASSERT(psnd->bindsock != CURL_SOCKET_BAD);
+    free(psnd->buffer);
+    psnd->buffer = NULL;
+    psnd->allocated_size = 0;
+    psnd->recv_size = 0;
+    psnd->recv_processed = 0;
+#ifdef DEBUGBUILD
+    psnd->bindsock = CURL_SOCKET_BAD; /* used only for DEBUGASSERT */
+#endif /* DEBUGBUILD */
+  }
+  else {
+    DEBUGASSERT(psnd->allocated_size == 0);
+    DEBUGASSERT(psnd->recv_size == 0);
+    DEBUGASSERT(psnd->recv_processed == 0);
+    DEBUGASSERT(psnd->bindsock == CURL_SOCKET_BAD);
+  }
+}
+
+static void conn_reset_all_postponed_data(struct connectdata *conn)
+{
+  conn_reset_postponed_data(conn, 0);
+  conn_reset_postponed_data(conn, 1);
+}
+#else  /* ! USE_RECV_BEFORE_SEND_WORKAROUND */
+/* Use "do-nothing" macro instead of function when workaround not used */
+#define conn_reset_all_postponed_data(c) do {} WHILE_FALSE
+#endif /* ! USE_RECV_BEFORE_SEND_WORKAROUND */
+
+
+static void conn_shutdown(struct connectdata *conn)
+{
+  if(!conn)
+    return;
+
+  infof(conn->data, "Closing connection %ld\n", conn->connection_id);
+  DEBUGASSERT(conn->data);
+
+  /* possible left-overs from the async name resolvers */
+  Curl_resolver_cancel(conn);
+
+  /* close the SSL stuff before we close any sockets since they will/may
+     write to the sockets */
+  Curl_ssl_close(conn, FIRSTSOCKET);
+  Curl_ssl_close(conn, SECONDARYSOCKET);
+
+  /* close possibly still open sockets */
+  if(CURL_SOCKET_BAD != conn->sock[SECONDARYSOCKET])
+    Curl_closesocket(conn, conn->sock[SECONDARYSOCKET]);
+  if(CURL_SOCKET_BAD != conn->sock[FIRSTSOCKET])
+    Curl_closesocket(conn, conn->sock[FIRSTSOCKET]);
+  if(CURL_SOCKET_BAD != conn->tempsock[0])
+    Curl_closesocket(conn, conn->tempsock[0]);
+  if(CURL_SOCKET_BAD != conn->tempsock[1])
+    Curl_closesocket(conn, conn->tempsock[1]);
+
+  /* unlink ourselves. this should be called last since other shutdown
+     procedures need a valid conn->data and this may clear it. */
+  Curl_conncache_remove_conn(conn->data, conn, TRUE);
+}
+
+static void conn_free(struct connectdata *conn)
+{
+  if(!conn)
+    return;
+
+  free_idnconverted_hostname(&conn->host);
+  free_idnconverted_hostname(&conn->conn_to_host);
+  free_idnconverted_hostname(&conn->http_proxy.host);
+  free_idnconverted_hostname(&conn->socks_proxy.host);
+
+  Curl_safefree(conn->user);
+  Curl_safefree(conn->passwd);
+  Curl_safefree(conn->oauth_bearer);
+  Curl_safefree(conn->sasl_authzid);
+  Curl_safefree(conn->options);
+  Curl_safefree(conn->http_proxy.user);
+  Curl_safefree(conn->socks_proxy.user);
+  Curl_safefree(conn->http_proxy.passwd);
+  Curl_safefree(conn->socks_proxy.passwd);
+  Curl_safefree(conn->allocptr.proxyuserpwd);
+  Curl_safefree(conn->allocptr.uagent);
+  Curl_safefree(conn->allocptr.userpwd);
+  Curl_safefree(conn->allocptr.accept_encoding);
+  Curl_safefree(conn->allocptr.te);
+  Curl_safefree(conn->allocptr.rangeline);
+  Curl_safefree(conn->allocptr.ref);
+  Curl_safefree(conn->allocptr.host);
+  Curl_safefree(conn->allocptr.cookiehost);
+  Curl_safefree(conn->allocptr.rtsp_transport);
+  Curl_safefree(conn->trailer);
+  Curl_safefree(conn->host.rawalloc); /* host name buffer */
+  Curl_safefree(conn->conn_to_host.rawalloc); /* host name buffer */
+  Curl_safefree(conn->hostname_resolve);
+  Curl_safefree(conn->secondaryhostname);
+  Curl_safefree(conn->http_proxy.host.rawalloc); /* http proxy name buffer */
+  Curl_safefree(conn->socks_proxy.host.rawalloc); /* socks proxy name buffer */
+  Curl_safefree(conn->connect_state);
+
+  conn_reset_all_postponed_data(conn);
+  Curl_llist_destroy(&conn->easyq, NULL);
+  Curl_safefree(conn->localdev);
+  Curl_free_primary_ssl_config(&conn->ssl_config);
+  Curl_free_primary_ssl_config(&conn->proxy_ssl_config);
+
+#ifdef USE_UNIX_SOCKETS
+  Curl_safefree(conn->unix_domain_socket);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_SSL
+  Curl_safefree(conn->ssl_extra);
+#endif
+  free(conn); /* free all the connection oriented data */
+}
+
+/*
+ * Disconnects the given connection. Note the connection may not be the
+ * primary connection, like when freeing room in the connection cache or
+ * killing of a dead old connection.
+ *
+ * A connection needs an easy handle when closing down. We support this passed
+ * in separately since the connection to get closed here is often already
+ * disassociated from an easy handle.
+ *
+ * This function MUST NOT reset state in the Curl_easy struct if that
+ * isn't strictly bound to the life-time of *this* particular connection.
+ *
+ */
+
+CURLcode Curl_disconnect(struct Curl_easy *data,
+                         struct connectdata *conn, bool dead_connection)
+{
+  if(!conn)
+    return CURLE_OK; /* this is closed and fine already */
+
+  if(!data) {
+    DEBUGF(infof(data, "DISCONNECT without easy handle, ignoring\n"));
+    return CURLE_OK;
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * If this connection isn't marked to force-close, leave it open if there
+   * are other users of it
+   */
+  if(CONN_INUSE(conn) && !dead_connection) {
+    DEBUGF(infof(data, "Curl_disconnect when inuse: %zu\n", CONN_INUSE(conn)));
+    return CURLE_OK;
+  }
+
+  if(conn->dns_entry != NULL) {
+    Curl_resolv_unlock(data, conn->dns_entry);
+    conn->dns_entry = NULL;
+  }
+
+  Curl_hostcache_prune(data); /* kill old DNS cache entries */
+
+#if !defined(CURL_DISABLE_HTTP) && defined(USE_NTLM)
+  /* Cleanup NTLM connection-related data */
+  Curl_http_auth_cleanup_ntlm(conn);
+#endif
+#if !defined(CURL_DISABLE_HTTP) && defined(USE_SPNEGO)
+  /* Cleanup NEGOTIATE connection-related data */
+  Curl_http_auth_cleanup_negotiate(conn);
+#endif
+
+  /* the protocol specific disconnect handler and conn_shutdown need a transfer
+     for the connection! */
+  conn->data = data;
+
+  if(conn->bits.connect_only)
+    /* treat the connection as dead in CONNECT_ONLY situations */
+    dead_connection = TRUE;
+
+  if(conn->handler->disconnect)
+    /* This is set if protocol-specific cleanups should be made */
+    conn->handler->disconnect(conn, dead_connection);
+
+  conn_shutdown(conn);
+  conn_free(conn);
+  return CURLE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This function should return TRUE if the socket is to be assumed to
+ * be dead. Most commonly this happens when the server has closed the
+ * connection due to inactivity.
+ */
+static bool SocketIsDead(curl_socket_t sock)
+{
+  int sval;
+  bool ret_val = TRUE;
+
+  sval = SOCKET_READABLE(sock, 0);
+  if(sval == 0)
+    /* timeout */
+    ret_val = FALSE;
+
+  return ret_val;
+}
+
+/*
+ * IsMultiplexingPossible()
+ *
+ * Return a bitmask with the available multiplexing options for the given
+ * requested connection.
+ */
+static int IsMultiplexingPossible(const struct Curl_easy *handle,
+                                  const struct connectdata *conn)
+{
+  int avail = 0;
+
+  /* If a HTTP protocol and multiplexing is enabled */
+  if((conn->handler->protocol & PROTO_FAMILY_HTTP) &&
+     (!conn->bits.protoconnstart || !conn->bits.close)) {
+
+    if(Curl_multiplex_wanted(handle->multi) &&
+       (handle->set.httpversion >= CURL_HTTP_VERSION_2))
+      /* allows HTTP/2 */
+      avail |= CURLPIPE_MULTIPLEX;
+  }
+  return avail;
+}
+
+#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_PROXY
+static bool
+proxy_info_matches(const struct proxy_info* data,
+                   const struct proxy_info* needle)
+{
+  if((data->proxytype == needle->proxytype) &&
+     (data->port == needle->port) &&
+     Curl_safe_strcasecompare(data->host.name, needle->host.name))
+    return TRUE;
+
+  return FALSE;
+}
+#else
+/* disabled, won't get called */
+#define proxy_info_matches(x,y) FALSE
+#endif
+
+/* A connection has to have been idle for a shorter time than 'maxage_conn' to
+   be subject for reuse. The success rate is just too low after this. */
+
+static bool conn_maxage(struct Curl_easy *data,
+                        struct connectdata *conn,
+                        struct curltime now)
+{
+  if(!conn->data) {
+    timediff_t idletime = Curl_timediff(now, conn->lastused);
+    idletime /= 1000; /* integer seconds is fine */
+
+    if(idletime > data->set.maxage_conn) {
+      infof(data, "Too old connection (%ld seconds), disconnect it\n",
+            idletime);
+      return TRUE;
+    }
+  }
+  return FALSE;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This function checks if the given connection is dead and extracts it from
+ * the connection cache if so.
+ *
+ * When this is called as a Curl_conncache_foreach() callback, the connection
+ * cache lock is held!
+ *
+ * Returns TRUE if the connection was dead and extracted.
+ */
+static bool extract_if_dead(struct connectdata *conn,
+                            struct Curl_easy *data)
+{
+  if(!CONN_INUSE(conn) && !conn->data) {
+    /* The check for a dead socket makes sense only if the connection isn't in
+       use */
+    bool dead;
+    struct curltime now = Curl_now();
+    if(conn_maxage(data, conn, now)) {
+      dead = TRUE;
+    }
+    else if(conn->handler->connection_check) {
+      /* The protocol has a special method for checking the state of the
+         connection. Use it to check if the connection is dead. */
+      unsigned int state;
+      struct Curl_easy *olddata = conn->data;
+      conn->data = data; /* use this transfer for now */
+      state = conn->handler->connection_check(conn, CONNCHECK_ISDEAD);
+      conn->data = olddata;
+      dead = (state & CONNRESULT_DEAD);
+    }
+    else {
+      /* Use the general method for determining the death of a connection */
+      dead = SocketIsDead(conn->sock[FIRSTSOCKET]);
+    }
+
+    if(dead) {
+      infof(data, "Connection %ld seems to be dead!\n", conn->connection_id);
+      Curl_conncache_remove_conn(data, conn, FALSE);
+      return TRUE;
+    }
+  }
+  return FALSE;
+}
+
+struct prunedead {
+  struct Curl_easy *data;
+  struct connectdata *extracted;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Wrapper to use extract_if_dead() function in Curl_conncache_foreach()
+ *
+ */
+static int call_extract_if_dead(struct connectdata *conn, void *param)
+{
+  struct prunedead *p = (struct prunedead *)param;
+  if(extract_if_dead(conn, p->data)) {
+    /* stop the iteration here, pass back the connection that was extracted */
+    p->extracted = conn;
+    return 1;
+  }
+  return 0; /* continue iteration */
+}
+
+/*
+ * This function scans the connection cache for half-open/dead connections,
+ * closes and removes them.
+ * The cleanup is done at most once per second.
+ */
+static void prune_dead_connections(struct Curl_easy *data)
+{
+  struct curltime now = Curl_now();
+  timediff_t elapsed =
+    Curl_timediff(now, data->state.conn_cache->last_cleanup);
+
+  if(elapsed >= 1000L) {
+    struct prunedead prune;
+    prune.data = data;
+    prune.extracted = NULL;
+    while(Curl_conncache_foreach(data, data->state.conn_cache, &prune,
+                                 call_extract_if_dead)) {
+      /* disconnect it */
+      (void)Curl_disconnect(data, prune.extracted, /* dead_connection */TRUE);
+    }
+    data->state.conn_cache->last_cleanup = now;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given one filled in connection struct (named needle), this function should
+ * detect if there already is one that has all the significant details
+ * exactly the same and thus should be used instead.
+ *
+ * If there is a match, this function returns TRUE - and has marked the
+ * connection as 'in-use'. It must later be called with ConnectionDone() to
+ * return back to 'idle' (unused) state.
+ *
+ * The force_reuse flag is set if the connection must be used.
+ */
+static bool
+ConnectionExists(struct Curl_easy *data,
+                 struct connectdata *needle,
+                 struct connectdata **usethis,
+                 bool *force_reuse,
+                 bool *waitpipe)
+{
+  struct connectdata *check;
+  struct connectdata *chosen = 0;
+  bool foundPendingCandidate = FALSE;
+  bool canmultiplex = IsMultiplexingPossible(data, needle);
+  struct connectbundle *bundle;
+  const char *hostbundle;
+
+#ifdef USE_NTLM
+  bool wantNTLMhttp = ((data->state.authhost.want &
+                      (CURLAUTH_NTLM | CURLAUTH_NTLM_WB)) &&
+                      (needle->handler->protocol & PROTO_FAMILY_HTTP));
+  bool wantProxyNTLMhttp = (needle->bits.proxy_user_passwd &&
+                           ((data->state.authproxy.want &
+                           (CURLAUTH_NTLM | CURLAUTH_NTLM_WB)) &&
+                           (needle->handler->protocol & PROTO_FAMILY_HTTP)));
+#endif
+
+  *force_reuse = FALSE;
+  *waitpipe = FALSE;
+
+  /* Look up the bundle with all the connections to this particular host.
+     Locks the connection cache, beware of early returns! */
+  bundle = Curl_conncache_find_bundle(needle, data->state.conn_cache,
+                                      &hostbundle);
+  if(bundle) {
+    /* Max pipe length is zero (unlimited) for multiplexed connections */
+    struct curl_llist_element *curr;
+
+    infof(data, "Found bundle for host %s: %p [%s]\n",
+          hostbundle, (void *)bundle, (bundle->multiuse == BUNDLE_MULTIPLEX ?
+                                       "can multiplex" : "serially"));
+
+    /* We can't multiplex if we don't know anything about the server */
+    if(canmultiplex) {
+      if(bundle->multiuse == BUNDLE_UNKNOWN) {
+        if((bundle->multiuse == BUNDLE_UNKNOWN) && data->set.pipewait) {
+          infof(data, "Server doesn't support multiplex yet, wait\n");
+          *waitpipe = TRUE;
+          Curl_conncache_unlock(data);
+          return FALSE; /* no re-use */
+        }
+
+        infof(data, "Server doesn't support multiplex (yet)\n");
+        canmultiplex = FALSE;
+      }
+      if((bundle->multiuse == BUNDLE_MULTIPLEX) &&
+         !Curl_multiplex_wanted(data->multi)) {
+        infof(data, "Could multiplex, but not asked to!\n");
+        canmultiplex = FALSE;
+      }
+      if(bundle->multiuse == BUNDLE_NO_MULTIUSE) {
+        infof(data, "Can not multiplex, even if we wanted to!\n");
+        canmultiplex = FALSE;
+      }
+    }
+
+    curr = bundle->conn_list.head;
+    while(curr) {
+      bool match = FALSE;
+      size_t multiplexed;
+
+      /*
+       * Note that if we use a HTTP proxy in normal mode (no tunneling), we
+       * check connections to that proxy and not to the actual remote server.
+       */
+      check = curr->ptr;
+      curr = curr->next;
+
+      if(check->bits.connect_only)
+        /* connect-only connections will not be reused */
+        continue;
+
+      multiplexed = CONN_INUSE(check) &&
+        (bundle->multiuse == BUNDLE_MULTIPLEX);
+
+      if(canmultiplex) {
+        if(check->bits.protoconnstart && check->bits.close)
+          continue;
+      }
+      else {
+        if(multiplexed) {
+          /* can only happen within multi handles, and means that another easy
+             handle is using this connection */
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        if(Curl_resolver_asynch()) {
+          /* ip_addr_str[0] is NUL only if the resolving of the name hasn't
+             completed yet and until then we don't re-use this connection */
+          if(!check->ip_addr_str[0]) {
+            infof(data,
+                  "Connection #%ld is still name resolving, can't reuse\n",
+                  check->connection_id);
+            continue;
+          }
+        }
+
+        if((check->sock[FIRSTSOCKET] == CURL_SOCKET_BAD) ||
+           check->bits.close) {
+          if(!check->bits.close)
+            foundPendingCandidate = TRUE;
+          /* Don't pick a connection that hasn't connected yet or that is going
+             to get closed. */
+          infof(data, "Connection #%ld isn't open enough, can't reuse\n",
+                check->connection_id);
+          continue;
+        }
+      }
+
+#ifdef USE_UNIX_SOCKETS
+      if(needle->unix_domain_socket) {
+        if(!check->unix_domain_socket)
+          continue;
+        if(strcmp(needle->unix_domain_socket, check->unix_domain_socket))
+          continue;
+        if(needle->abstract_unix_socket != check->abstract_unix_socket)
+          continue;
+      }
+      else if(check->unix_domain_socket)
+        continue;
+#endif
+
+      if((needle->handler->flags&PROTOPT_SSL) !=
+         (check->handler->flags&PROTOPT_SSL))
+        /* don't do mixed SSL and non-SSL connections */
+        if(get_protocol_family(check->handler->protocol) !=
+           needle->handler->protocol || !check->tls_upgraded)
+          /* except protocols that have been upgraded via TLS */
+          continue;
+
+      if(needle->bits.httpproxy != check->bits.httpproxy ||
+         needle->bits.socksproxy != check->bits.socksproxy)
+        continue;
+
+      if(needle->bits.socksproxy && !proxy_info_matches(&needle->socks_proxy,
+                                                        &check->socks_proxy))
+        continue;
+
+      if(needle->bits.conn_to_host != check->bits.conn_to_host)
+        /* don't mix connections that use the "connect to host" feature and
+         * connections that don't use this feature */
+        continue;
+
+      if(needle->bits.conn_to_port != check->bits.conn_to_port)
+        /* don't mix connections that use the "connect to port" feature and
+         * connections that don't use this feature */
+        continue;
+
+      if(needle->bits.httpproxy) {
+        if(!proxy_info_matches(&needle->http_proxy, &check->http_proxy))
+          continue;
+
+        if(needle->bits.tunnel_proxy != check->bits.tunnel_proxy)
+          continue;
+
+        if(needle->http_proxy.proxytype == CURLPROXY_HTTPS) {
+          /* use https proxy */
+          if(needle->handler->flags&PROTOPT_SSL) {
+            /* use double layer ssl */
+            if(!Curl_ssl_config_matches(&needle->proxy_ssl_config,
+                                        &check->proxy_ssl_config))
+              continue;
+            if(check->proxy_ssl[FIRSTSOCKET].state != ssl_connection_complete)
+              continue;
+          }
+          else {
+            if(!Curl_ssl_config_matches(&needle->ssl_config,
+                                        &check->ssl_config))
+              continue;
+            if(check->ssl[FIRSTSOCKET].state != ssl_connection_complete)
+              continue;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if(!canmultiplex && check->data)
+        /* this request can't be multiplexed but the checked connection is
+           already in use so we skip it */
+        continue;
+
+      if(CONN_INUSE(check) && check->data &&
+         (check->data->multi != needle->data->multi))
+        /* this could be subject for multiplex use, but only if they belong to
+         * the same multi handle */
+        continue;
+
+      if(needle->localdev || needle->localport) {
+        /* If we are bound to a specific local end (IP+port), we must not
+           re-use a random other one, although if we didn't ask for a
+           particular one we can reuse one that was bound.
+
+           This comparison is a bit rough and too strict. Since the input
+           parameters can be specified in numerous ways and still end up the
+           same it would take a lot of processing to make it really accurate.
+           Instead, this matching will assume that re-uses of bound connections
+           will most likely also re-use the exact same binding parameters and
+           missing out a few edge cases shouldn't hurt anyone very much.
+        */
+        if((check->localport != needle->localport) ||
+           (check->localportrange != needle->localportrange) ||
+           (needle->localdev &&
+            (!check->localdev || strcmp(check->localdev, needle->localdev))))
+          continue;
+      }
+
+      if(!(needle->handler->flags & PROTOPT_CREDSPERREQUEST)) {
+        /* This protocol requires credentials per connection,
+           so verify that we're using the same name and password as well */
+        if(strcmp(needle->user, check->user) ||
+           strcmp(needle->passwd, check->passwd)) {
+          /* one of them was different */
+          continue;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if(!needle->bits.httpproxy || (needle->handler->flags&PROTOPT_SSL) ||
+         needle->bits.tunnel_proxy) {
+        /* The requested connection does not use a HTTP proxy or it uses SSL or
+           it is a non-SSL protocol tunneled or it is a non-SSL protocol which
+           is allowed to be upgraded via TLS */
+
+        if((strcasecompare(needle->handler->scheme, check->handler->scheme) ||
+            (get_protocol_family(check->handler->protocol) ==
+             needle->handler->protocol && check->tls_upgraded)) &&
+           (!needle->bits.conn_to_host || strcasecompare(
+            needle->conn_to_host.name, check->conn_to_host.name)) &&
+           (!needle->bits.conn_to_port ||
+             needle->conn_to_port == check->conn_to_port) &&
+           strcasecompare(needle->host.name, check->host.name) &&
+           needle->remote_port == check->remote_port) {
+          /* The schemes match or the the protocol family is the same and the
+             previous connection was TLS upgraded, and the hostname and host
+             port match */
+          if(needle->handler->flags & PROTOPT_SSL) {
+            /* This is a SSL connection so verify that we're using the same
+               SSL options as well */
+            if(!Curl_ssl_config_matches(&needle->ssl_config,
+                                        &check->ssl_config)) {
+              DEBUGF(infof(data,
+                           "Connection #%ld has different SSL parameters, "
+                           "can't reuse\n",
+                           check->connection_id));
+              continue;
+            }
+            if(check->ssl[FIRSTSOCKET].state != ssl_connection_complete) {
+              foundPendingCandidate = TRUE;
+              DEBUGF(infof(data,
+                           "Connection #%ld has not started SSL connect, "
+                           "can't reuse\n",
+                           check->connection_id));
+              continue;
+            }
+          }
+          match = TRUE;
+        }
+      }
+      else {
+        /* The requested connection is using the same HTTP proxy in normal
+           mode (no tunneling) */
+        match = TRUE;
+      }
+
+      if(match) {
+#if defined(USE_NTLM)
+        /* If we are looking for an HTTP+NTLM connection, check if this is
+           already authenticating with the right credentials. If not, keep
+           looking so that we can reuse NTLM connections if
+           possible. (Especially we must not reuse the same connection if
+           partway through a handshake!) */
+        if(wantNTLMhttp) {
+          if(strcmp(needle->user, check->user) ||
+             strcmp(needle->passwd, check->passwd))
+            continue;
+        }
+        else if(check->http_ntlm_state != NTLMSTATE_NONE) {
+          /* Connection is using NTLM auth but we don't want NTLM */
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        /* Same for Proxy NTLM authentication */
+        if(wantProxyNTLMhttp) {
+          /* Both check->http_proxy.user and check->http_proxy.passwd can be
+           * NULL */
+          if(!check->http_proxy.user || !check->http_proxy.passwd)
+            continue;
+
+          if(strcmp(needle->http_proxy.user, check->http_proxy.user) ||
+             strcmp(needle->http_proxy.passwd, check->http_proxy.passwd))
+            continue;
+        }
+        else if(check->proxy_ntlm_state != NTLMSTATE_NONE) {
+          /* Proxy connection is using NTLM auth but we don't want NTLM */
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        if(wantNTLMhttp || wantProxyNTLMhttp) {
+          /* Credentials are already checked, we can use this connection */
+          chosen = check;
+
+          if((wantNTLMhttp &&
+             (check->http_ntlm_state != NTLMSTATE_NONE)) ||
+              (wantProxyNTLMhttp &&
+               (check->proxy_ntlm_state != NTLMSTATE_NONE))) {
+            /* We must use this connection, no other */
+            *force_reuse = TRUE;
+            break;
+          }
+
+          /* Continue look up for a better connection */
+          continue;
+        }
+#endif
+        if(canmultiplex) {
+          /* We can multiplex if we want to. Let's continue looking for
+             the optimal connection to use. */
+
+          if(!multiplexed) {
+            /* We have the optimal connection. Let's stop looking. */
+            chosen = check;
+            break;
+          }
+
+#ifdef USE_NGHTTP2
+          /* If multiplexed, make sure we don't go over concurrency limit */
+          if(check->bits.multiplex) {
+            /* Multiplexed connections can only be HTTP/2 for now */
+            struct http_conn *httpc = &check->proto.httpc;
+            if(multiplexed >= httpc->settings.max_concurrent_streams) {
+              infof(data, "MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS reached, skip (%zu)\n",
+                    multiplexed);
+              continue;
+            }
+          }
+#endif
+          /* When not multiplexed, we have a match here! */
+          chosen = check;
+          infof(data, "Multiplexed connection found!\n");
+          break;
+        }
+        else {
+          /* We have found a connection. Let's stop searching. */
+          chosen = check;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(chosen) {
+    /* mark it as used before releasing the lock */
+    chosen->data = data; /* own it! */
+    Curl_conncache_unlock(data);
+    *usethis = chosen;
+    return TRUE; /* yes, we found one to use! */
+  }
+  Curl_conncache_unlock(data);
+
+  if(foundPendingCandidate && data->set.pipewait) {
+    infof(data,
+          "Found pending candidate for reuse and CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT is set\n");
+    *waitpipe = TRUE;
+  }
+
+  return FALSE; /* no matching connecting exists */
+}
+
+/*
+ * verboseconnect() displays verbose information after a connect
+ */
+#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_VERBOSE_STRINGS
+void Curl_verboseconnect(struct connectdata *conn)
+{
+  if(conn->data->set.verbose)
+    infof(conn->data, "Connected to %s (%s) port %ld (#%ld)\n",
+          conn->bits.socksproxy ? conn->socks_proxy.host.dispname :
+          conn->bits.httpproxy ? conn->http_proxy.host.dispname :
+          conn->bits.conn_to_host ? conn->conn_to_host.dispname :
+          conn->host.dispname,
+          conn->ip_addr_str, conn->port, conn->connection_id);
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Helpers for IDNA conversions.
+ */
+static bool is_ASCII_name(const char *hostname)
+{
+  const unsigned char *ch = (const unsigned char *)hostname;
+
+  while(*ch) {
+    if(*ch++ & 0x80)
+      return FALSE;
+  }
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Strip single trailing dot in the hostname,
+ * primarily for SNI and http host header.
+ */
+static void strip_trailing_dot(struct hostname *host)
+{
+  size_t len;
+  if(!host || !host->name)
+    return;
+  len = strlen(host->name);
+  if(len && (host->name[len-1] == '.'))
+    host->name[len-1] = 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Perform any necessary IDN conversion of hostname
+ */
+static CURLcode idnconvert_hostname(struct connectdata *conn,
+                                    struct hostname *host)
+{
+  struct Curl_easy *data = conn->data;
+
+#ifndef USE_LIBIDN2
+  (void)data;
+  (void)conn;
+#elif defined(CURL_DISABLE_VERBOSE_STRINGS)
+  (void)conn;
+#endif
+
+  /* set the name we use to display the host name */
+  host->dispname = host->name;
+
+  /* Check name for non-ASCII and convert hostname to ACE form if we can */
+  if(!is_ASCII_name(host->name)) {
+#ifdef USE_LIBIDN2
+    if(idn2_check_version(IDN2_VERSION)) {
+      char *ace_hostname = NULL;
+#if IDN2_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x00140000
+      /* IDN2_NFC_INPUT: Normalize input string using normalization form C.
+         IDN2_NONTRANSITIONAL: Perform Unicode TR46 non-transitional
+         processing. */
+      int flags = IDN2_NFC_INPUT | IDN2_NONTRANSITIONAL;
+#else
+      int flags = IDN2_NFC_INPUT;
+#endif
+      int rc = idn2_lookup_ul((const char *)host->name, &ace_hostname, flags);
+      if(rc == IDN2_OK) {
+        host->encalloc = (char *)ace_hostname;
+        /* change the name pointer to point to the encoded hostname */
+        host->name = host->encalloc;
+      }
+      else {
+        failf(data, "Failed to convert %s to ACE; %s\n", host->name,
+              idn2_strerror(rc));
+        return CURLE_URL_MALFORMAT;
+      }
+    }
+#elif defined(USE_WIN32_IDN)
+    char *ace_hostname = NULL;
+
+    if(curl_win32_idn_to_ascii(host->name, &ace_hostname)) {
+      host->encalloc = ace_hostname;
+      /* change the name pointer to point to the encoded hostname */
+      host->name = host->encalloc;
+    }
+    else {
+      failf(data, "Failed to convert %s to ACE;\n", host->name);
+      return CURLE_URL_MALFORMAT;
+    }
+#else
+    infof(data, "IDN support not present, can't parse Unicode domains\n");
+#endif
+  }
+  return CURLE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Frees data allocated by idnconvert_hostname()
+ */
+static void free_idnconverted_hostname(struct hostname *host)
+{
+#if defined(USE_LIBIDN2)
+  if(host->encalloc) {
+    idn2_free(host->encalloc); /* must be freed with idn2_free() since this was
+                                 allocated by libidn */
+    host->encalloc = NULL;
+  }
+#elif defined(USE_WIN32_IDN)
+  free(host->encalloc); /* must be freed with free() since this was
+                           allocated by curl_win32_idn_to_ascii */
+  host->encalloc = NULL;
+#else
+  (void)host;
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Allocate and initialize a new connectdata object.
+ */
+static struct connectdata *allocate_conn(struct Curl_easy *data)
+{
+  struct connectdata *conn = calloc(1, sizeof(struct connectdata));
+  if(!conn)
+    return NULL;
+
+#ifdef USE_SSL
+  /* The SSL backend-specific data (ssl_backend_data) objects are allocated as
+     a separate array to ensure suitable alignment.
+     Note that these backend pointers can be swapped by vtls (eg ssl backend
+     data becomes proxy backend data). */
+  {
+    size_t sslsize = Curl_ssl->sizeof_ssl_backend_data;
+    char *ssl = calloc(4, sslsize);
+    if(!ssl) {
+      free(conn);
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    conn->ssl_extra = ssl;
+    conn->ssl[0].backend = (void *)ssl;
+    conn->ssl[1].backend = (void *)(ssl + sslsize);
+    conn->proxy_ssl[0].backend = (void *)(ssl + 2 * sslsize);
+    conn->proxy_ssl[1].backend = (void *)(ssl + 3 * sslsize);
+  }
+#endif
+
+  conn->handler = &Curl_handler_dummy;  /* Be sure we have a handler defined
+                                           already from start to avoid NULL
+                                           situations and checks */
+
+  /* and we setup a few fields in case we end up actually using this struct */
+
+  conn->sock[FIRSTSOCKET] = CURL_SOCKET_BAD;     /* no file descriptor */
+  conn->sock[SECONDARYSOCKET] = CURL_SOCKET_BAD; /* no file descriptor */
+  conn->tempsock[0] = CURL_SOCKET_BAD; /* no file descriptor */
+  conn->tempsock[1] = CURL_SOCKET_BAD; /* no file descriptor */
+  conn->connection_id = -1;    /* no ID */
+  conn->port = -1; /* unknown at this point */
+  conn->remote_port = -1; /* unknown at this point */
+#if defined(USE_RECV_BEFORE_SEND_WORKAROUND) && defined(DEBUGBUILD)
+  conn->postponed[0].bindsock = CURL_SOCKET_BAD; /* no file descriptor */
+  conn->postponed[1].bindsock = CURL_SOCKET_BAD; /* no file descriptor */
+#endif /* USE_RECV_BEFORE_SEND_WORKAROUND && DEBUGBUILD */
+
+  /* Default protocol-independent behavior doesn't support persistent
+     connections, so we set this to force-close. Protocols that support
+     this need to set this to FALSE in their "curl_do" functions. */
+  connclose(conn, "Default to force-close");
+
+  /* Store creation time to help future close decision making */
+  conn->created = Curl_now();
+
+  /* Store current time to give a baseline to keepalive connection times. */
+  conn->keepalive = Curl_now();
+
+  /* Store off the configured connection upkeep time. */
+  conn->upkeep_interval_ms = data->set.upkeep_interval_ms;
+
+  conn->data = data; /* Setup the association between this connection
+                        and the Curl_easy */
+
+  conn->http_proxy.proxytype = data->set.proxytype;
+  conn->socks_proxy.proxytype = CURLPROXY_SOCKS4;
+
+#if !defined(CURL_DISABLE_PROXY)
+  /* note that these two proxy bits are now just on what looks to be
+     requested, they may be altered down the road */
+  conn->bits.proxy = (data->set.str[STRING_PROXY] &&
+                      *data->set.str[STRING_PROXY]) ? TRUE : FALSE;
+  conn->bits.httpproxy = (conn->bits.proxy &&
+                          (conn->http_proxy.proxytype == CURLPROXY_HTTP ||
+                           conn->http_proxy.proxytype == CURLPROXY_HTTP_1_0 ||
+                           conn->http_proxy.proxytype == CURLPROXY_HTTPS)) ?
+                           TRUE : FALSE;
+  conn->bits.socksproxy = (conn->bits.proxy &&
+                           !conn->bits.httpproxy) ? TRUE : FALSE;
+
+  if(data->set.str[STRING_PRE_PROXY] && *data->set.str[STRING_PRE_PROXY]) {
+    conn->bits.proxy = TRUE;
+    conn->bits.socksproxy = TRUE;
+  }
+
+  conn->bits.proxy_user_passwd =
+    (data->set.str[STRING_PROXYUSERNAME]) ? TRUE : FALSE;
+  conn->bits.tunnel_proxy = data->set.tunnel_thru_httpproxy;
+#endif /* CURL_DISABLE_PROXY */
+
+  conn->bits.user_passwd = (data->set.str[STRING_USERNAME]) ? TRUE : FALSE;
+#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_FTP
+  conn->bits.ftp_use_epsv = data->set.ftp_use_epsv;
+  conn->bits.ftp_use_eprt = data->set.ftp_use_eprt;
+#endif
+  conn->ssl_config.verifystatus = data->set.ssl.primary.verifystatus;
+  conn->ssl_config.verifypeer = data->set.ssl.primary.verifypeer;
+  conn->ssl_config.verifyhost = data->set.ssl.primary.verifyhost;
+  conn->proxy_ssl_config.verifystatus =
+    data->set.proxy_ssl.primary.verifystatus;
+  conn->proxy_ssl_config.verifypeer = data->set.proxy_ssl.primary.verifypeer;
+  conn->proxy_ssl_config.verifyhost = data->set.proxy_ssl.primary.verifyhost;
+  conn->ip_version = data->set.ipver;
+  conn->bits.connect_only = data->set.connect_only;
+  conn->transport = TRNSPRT_TCP; /* most of them are TCP streams */
+
+#if !defined(CURL_DISABLE_HTTP) && defined(USE_NTLM) && \
+    defined(NTLM_WB_ENABLED)
+  conn->ntlm_auth_hlpr_socket = CURL_SOCKET_BAD;
+#endif
+
+  /* Initialize the easy handle list */
+  Curl_llist_init(&conn->easyq, NULL);
+
+#ifdef HAVE_GSSAPI
+  conn->data_prot = PROT_CLEAR;
+#endif
+
+  /* Store the local bind parameters that will be used for this connection */
+  if(data->set.str[STRING_DEVICE]) {
+    conn->localdev = strdup(data->set.str[STRING_DEVICE]);
+    if(!conn->localdev)
+      goto error;
+  }
+  conn->localportrange = data->set.localportrange;
+  conn->localport = data->set.localport;
+
+  /* the close socket stuff needs to be copied to the connection struct as
+     it may live on without (this specific) Curl_easy */
+  conn->fclosesocket = data->set.fclosesocket;
+  conn->closesocket_client = data->set.closesocket_client;
+
+  return conn;
+  error:
+
+  Curl_llist_destroy(&conn->easyq, NULL);
+  free(conn->localdev);
+#ifdef USE_SSL
+  free(conn->ssl_extra);
+#endif
+  free(conn);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* returns the handler if the given scheme is built-in */
+const struct Curl_handler *Curl_builtin_scheme(const char *scheme)
+{
+  const struct Curl_handler * const *pp;
+  const struct Curl_handler *p;
+  /* Scan protocol handler table and match against 'scheme'. The handler may
+     be changed later when the protocol specific setup function is called. */
+  for(pp = protocols; (p = *pp) != NULL; pp++)
+    if(strcasecompare(p->scheme, scheme))
+      /* Protocol found in table. Check if allowed */
+      return p;
+  return NULL; /* not found */
+}
+
+
+static CURLcode findprotocol(struct Curl_easy *data,
+                             struct connectdata *conn,
+                             const char *protostr)
+{
+  const struct Curl_handler *p = Curl_builtin_scheme(protostr);
+
+  if(p && /* Protocol found in table. Check if allowed */
+     (data->set.allowed_protocols & p->protocol)) {
+
+    /* it is allowed for "normal" request, now do an extra check if this is
+       the result of a redirect */
+    if(data->state.this_is_a_follow &&
+       !(data->set.redir_protocols & p->protocol))
+      /* nope, get out */
+      ;
+    else {
+      /* Perform setup complement if some. */
+      conn->handler = conn->given = p;
+
+      /* 'port' and 'remote_port' are set in setup_connection_internals() */
+      return CURLE_OK;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* The protocol was not found in the table, but we don't have to assign it
+     to anything since it is already assigned to a dummy-struct in the
+     create_conn() function when the connectdata struct is allocated. */
+  failf(data, "Protocol \"%s\" not supported or disabled in " LIBCURL_NAME,
+        protostr);
+
+  return CURLE_UNSUPPORTED_PROTOCOL;
+}
+
+
+CURLcode Curl_uc_to_curlcode(CURLUcode uc)
+{
+  switch(uc) {
+  default:
+    return CURLE_URL_MALFORMAT;
+  case CURLUE_UNSUPPORTED_SCHEME:
+    return CURLE_UNSUPPORTED_PROTOCOL;
+  case CURLUE_OUT_OF_MEMORY:
+    return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+  case CURLUE_USER_NOT_ALLOWED:
+    return CURLE_LOGIN_DENIED;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * If the URL was set with an IPv6 numerical address with a zone id part, set
+ * the scope_id based on that!
+ */
+
+static void zonefrom_url(CURLU *uh, struct connectdata *conn)
+{
+  char *zoneid;
+  CURLUcode uc;
+
+  uc = curl_url_get(uh, CURLUPART_ZONEID, &zoneid, 0);
+
+  if(!uc && zoneid) {
+    char *endp;
+    unsigned long scope = strtoul(zoneid, &endp, 10);
+    if(!*endp && (scope < UINT_MAX))
+      /* A plain number, use it directly as a scope id. */
+      conn->scope_id = (unsigned int)scope;
+#if defined(HAVE_IF_NAMETOINDEX)
+    else {
+#elif defined(WIN32)
+    else if(Curl_if_nametoindex) {
+#endif
+
+#if defined(HAVE_IF_NAMETOINDEX) || defined(WIN32)
+      /* Zone identifier is not numeric */
+      unsigned int scopeidx = 0;
+#if defined(WIN32)
+      scopeidx = Curl_if_nametoindex(zoneid);
+#else
+      scopeidx = if_nametoindex(zoneid);
+#endif
+      if(!scopeidx)
+        infof(conn->data, "Invalid zoneid: %s; %s\n", zoneid,
+              strerror(errno));
+      else
+        conn->scope_id = scopeidx;
+    }
+#endif /* HAVE_IF_NAMETOINDEX || WIN32 */
+
+    free(zoneid);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Parse URL and fill in the relevant members of the connection struct.
+ */
+static CURLcode parseurlandfillconn(struct Curl_easy *data,
+                                    struct connectdata *conn)
+{
+  CURLcode result;
+  CURLU *uh;
+  CURLUcode uc;
+  char *hostname;
+
+  up_free(data); /* cleanup previous leftovers first */
+
+  /* parse the URL */
+  if(data->set.uh) {
+    uh = data->state.uh = curl_url_dup(data->set.uh);
+  }
+  else {
+    uh = data->state.uh = curl_url();
+  }
+
+  if(!uh)
+    return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+
+  if(data->set.str[STRING_DEFAULT_PROTOCOL] &&
+     !Curl_is_absolute_url(data->change.url, NULL, MAX_SCHEME_LEN)) {
+    char *url;
+    if(data->change.url_alloc)
+      free(data->change.url);
+    url = aprintf("%s://%s", data->set.str[STRING_DEFAULT_PROTOCOL],
+                  data->change.url);
+    if(!url)
+      return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+    data->change.url = url;
+    data->change.url_alloc = TRUE;
+  }
+
+  if(!data->set.uh) {
+    uc = curl_url_set(uh, CURLUPART_URL, data->change.url,
+                    CURLU_GUESS_SCHEME |
+                    CURLU_NON_SUPPORT_SCHEME |
+                    (data->set.disallow_username_in_url ?
+                     CURLU_DISALLOW_USER : 0) |
+                    (data->set.path_as_is ? CURLU_PATH_AS_IS : 0));
+    if(uc) {
+      DEBUGF(infof(data, "curl_url_set rejected %s\n", data->change.url));
+      return Curl_uc_to_curlcode(uc);
+    }
+  }
+
+  uc = curl_url_get(uh, CURLUPART_SCHEME, &data->state.up.scheme, 0);
+  if(uc)
+    return Curl_uc_to_curlcode(uc);
+
+  result = findprotocol(data, conn, data->state.up.scheme);
+  if(result)
+    return result;
+
+  uc = curl_url_get(uh, CURLUPART_USER, &data->state.up.user,
+                    CURLU_URLDECODE);
+  if(!uc) {
+    conn->user = strdup(data->state.up.user);
+    if(!conn->user)
+      return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+    conn->bits.user_passwd = TRUE;
+  }
+  else if(uc != CURLUE_NO_USER)
+    return Curl_uc_to_curlcode(uc);
+
+  uc = curl_url_get(uh, CURLUPART_PASSWORD, &data->state.up.password,
+                    CURLU_URLDECODE);
+  if(!uc) {
+    conn->passwd = strdup(data->state.up.password);
+    if(!conn->passwd)
+      return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+    conn->bits.user_passwd = TRUE;
+  }
+  else if(uc != CURLUE_NO_PASSWORD)
+    return Curl_uc_to_curlcode(uc);
+
+  uc = curl_url_get(uh, CURLUPART_OPTIONS, &data->state.up.options,
+                    CURLU_URLDECODE);
+  if(!uc) {
+    conn->options = strdup(data->state.up.options);
+    if(!conn->options)
+      return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+  }
+  else if(uc != CURLUE_NO_OPTIONS)
+    return Curl_uc_to_curlcode(uc);
+
+  uc = curl_url_get(uh, CURLUPART_HOST, &data->state.up.hostname, 0);
+  if(uc) {
+    if(!strcasecompare("file", data->state.up.scheme))
+      return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+  }
+
+  uc = curl_url_get(uh, CURLUPART_PATH, &data->state.up.path, 0);
+  if(uc)
+    return Curl_uc_to_curlcode(uc);
+
+  uc = curl_url_get(uh, CURLUPART_PORT, &data->state.up.port,
+                    CURLU_DEFAULT_PORT);
+  if(uc) {
+    if(!strcasecompare("file", data->state.up.scheme))
+      return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+  }
+  else {
+    unsigned long port = strtoul(data->state.up.port, NULL, 10);
+    conn->port = conn->remote_port = curlx_ultous(port);
+  }
+
+  (void)curl_url_get(uh, CURLUPART_QUERY, &data->state.up.query, 0);
+
+  hostname = data->state.up.hostname;
+  if(!hostname)
+    /* this is for file:// transfers, get a dummy made */
+    hostname = (char *)"";
+
+  if(hostname[0] == '[') {
+    /* This looks like an IPv6 address literal. See if there is an address
+       scope. */
+    size_t hlen;
+    conn->bits.ipv6_ip = TRUE;
+    /* cut off the brackets! */
+    hostname++;
+    hlen = strlen(hostname);
+    hostname[hlen - 1] = 0;
+
+    zonefrom_url(uh, conn);
+  }
+
+  /* make sure the connect struct gets its own copy of the host name */
+  conn->host.rawalloc = strdup(hostname);
+  if(!conn->host.rawalloc)
+    return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+  conn->host.name = conn->host.rawalloc;
+
+  if(data->set.scope_id)
+    /* Override any scope that was set above.  */
+    conn->scope_id = data->set.scope_id;
+
+  return CURLE_OK;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * If we're doing a resumed transfer, we need to setup our stuff
+ * properly.
+ */
+static CURLcode setup_range(struct Curl_easy *data)
+{
+  struct UrlState *s = &data->state;
+  s->resume_from = data->set.set_resume_from;
+  if(s->resume_from || data->set.str[STRING_SET_RANGE]) {
+    if(s->rangestringalloc)
+      free(s->range);
+
+    if(s->resume_from)
+      s->range = aprintf("%" CURL_FORMAT_CURL_OFF_T "-", s->resume_from);
+    else
+      s->range = strdup(data->set.str[STRING_SET_RANGE]);
+
+    s->rangestringalloc = (s->range) ? TRUE : FALSE;
+
+    if(!s->range)
+      return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+
+    /* tell ourselves to fetch this range */
+    s->use_range = TRUE;        /* enable range download */
+  }
+  else
+    s->use_range = FALSE; /* disable range download */
+
+  return CURLE_OK;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * setup_connection_internals() -
+ *
+ * Setup connection internals specific to the requested protocol in the
+ * Curl_easy. This is inited and setup before the connection is made but
+ * is about the particular protocol that is to be used.
+ *
+ * This MUST get called after proxy magic has been figured out.
+ */
+static CURLcode setup_connection_internals(struct connectdata *conn)
+{
+  const struct Curl_handler * p;
+  CURLcode result;
+
+  /* Perform setup complement if some. */
+  p = conn->handler;
+
+  if(p->setup_connection) {
+    result = (*p->setup_connection)(conn);
+
+    if(result)
+      return result;
+
+    p = conn->handler;              /* May have changed. */
+  }
+
+  if(conn->port < 0)
+    /* we check for -1 here since if proxy was detected already, this
+       was very likely already set to the proxy port */
+    conn->port = p->defport;
+
+  return CURLE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Curl_free_request_state() should free temp data that was allocated in the
+ * Curl_easy for this single request.
+ */
+
+void Curl_free_request_state(struct Curl_easy *data)
+{
+  Curl_safefree(data->req.protop);
+  Curl_safefree(data->req.newurl);
+}
+
+
+#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_PROXY
+/****************************************************************
+* Checks if the host is in the noproxy list. returns true if it matches
+* and therefore the proxy should NOT be used.
+****************************************************************/
+static bool check_noproxy(const char *name, const char *no_proxy)
+{
+  /* no_proxy=domain1.dom,host.domain2.dom
+   *   (a comma-separated list of hosts which should
+   *   not be proxied, or an asterisk to override
+   *   all proxy variables)
+   */
+  if(no_proxy && no_proxy[0]) {
+    size_t tok_start;
+    size_t tok_end;
+    const char *separator = ", ";
+    size_t no_proxy_len;
+    size_t namelen;
+    char *endptr;
+    if(strcasecompare("*", no_proxy)) {
+      return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    /* NO_PROXY was specified and it wasn't just an asterisk */
+
+    no_proxy_len = strlen(no_proxy);
+    if(name[0] == '[') {
+      /* IPv6 numerical address */
+      endptr = strchr(name, ']');
+      if(!endptr)
+        return FALSE;
+      name++;
+      namelen = endptr - name;
+    }
+    else
+      namelen = strlen(name);
+
+    for(tok_start = 0; tok_start < no_proxy_len; tok_start = tok_end + 1) {
+      while(tok_start < no_proxy_len &&
+            strchr(separator, no_proxy[tok_start]) != NULL) {
+        /* Look for the beginning of the token. */
+        ++tok_start;
+      }
+
+      if(tok_start == no_proxy_len)
+        break; /* It was all trailing separator chars, no more tokens. */
+
+      for(tok_end = tok_start; tok_end < no_proxy_len &&
+            strchr(separator, no_proxy[tok_end]) == NULL; ++tok_end)
+        /* Look for the end of the token. */
+        ;
+
+      /* To match previous behaviour, where it was necessary to specify
+       * ".local.com" to prevent matching "notlocal.com", we will leave
+       * the '.' off.
+       */
+      if(no_proxy[tok_start] == '.')
+        ++tok_start;
+
+      if((tok_end - tok_start) <= namelen) {
+        /* Match the last part of the name to the domain we are checking. */
+        const char *checkn = name + namelen - (tok_end - tok_start);
+        if(strncasecompare(no_proxy + tok_start, checkn,
+                           tok_end - tok_start)) {
+          if((tok_end - tok_start) == namelen || *(checkn - 1) == '.') {
+            /* We either have an exact match, or the previous character is a .
+             * so it is within the same domain, so no proxy for this host.
+             */
+            return TRUE;
+          }
+        }
+      } /* if((tok_end - tok_start) <= namelen) */
+    } /* for(tok_start = 0; tok_start < no_proxy_len;
+         tok_start = tok_end + 1) */
+  } /* NO_PROXY was specified and it wasn't just an asterisk */
+
+  return FALSE;
+}
+
+#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_HTTP
+/****************************************************************
+* Detect what (if any) proxy to use. Remember that this selects a host
+* name and is not limited to HTTP proxies only.
+* The returned pointer must be freed by the caller (unless NULL)
+****************************************************************/
+static char *detect_proxy(struct connectdata *conn)
+{
+  char *proxy = NULL;
+
+  /* If proxy was not specified, we check for default proxy environment
+   * variables, to enable i.e Lynx compliance:
+   *
+   * http_proxy=http://some.server.dom:port/
+   * https_proxy=http://some.server.dom:port/
+   * ftp_proxy=http://some.server.dom:port/
+   * no_proxy=domain1.dom,host.domain2.dom
+   *   (a comma-separated list of hosts which should
+   *   not be proxied, or an asterisk to override
+   *   all proxy variables)
+   * all_proxy=http://some.server.dom:port/
+   *   (seems to exist for the CERN www lib. Probably
+   *   the first to check for.)
+   *
+   * For compatibility, the all-uppercase versions of these variables are
+   * checked if the lowercase versions don't exist.
+   */
+  char proxy_env[128];
+  const char *protop = conn->handler->scheme;
+  char *envp = proxy_env;
+  char *prox;
+
+  /* Now, build <protocol>_proxy and check for such a one to use */
+  while(*protop)
+    *envp++ = (char)tolower((int)*protop++);
+
+  /* append _proxy */
+  strcpy(envp, "_proxy");
+
+  /* read the protocol proxy: */
+  prox = curl_getenv(proxy_env);
+
+  /*
+   * We don't try the uppercase version of HTTP_PROXY because of
+   * security reasons:
+   *
+   * When curl is used in a webserver application
+   * environment (cgi or php), this environment variable can
+   * be controlled by the web server user by setting the
+   * http header 'Proxy:' to some value.
+   *
+   * This can cause 'internal' http/ftp requests to be
+   * arbitrarily redirected by any external attacker.
+   */
+  if(!prox && !strcasecompare("http_proxy", proxy_env)) {
+    /* There was no lowercase variable, try the uppercase version: */
+    Curl_strntoupper(proxy_env, proxy_env, sizeof(proxy_env));
+    prox = curl_getenv(proxy_env);
+  }
+
+  envp = proxy_env;
+  if(prox) {
+    proxy = prox; /* use this */
+  }
+  else {
+    envp = (char *)"all_proxy";
+    proxy = curl_getenv(envp); /* default proxy to use */
+    if(!proxy) {
+      envp = (char *)"ALL_PROXY";
+      proxy = curl_getenv(envp);
+    }
+  }
+  if(proxy)
+    infof(conn->data, "Uses proxy env variable %s == '%s'\n", envp, proxy);
+
+  return proxy;
+}
+#endif /* CURL_DISABLE_HTTP */
+
+/*
+ * If this is supposed to use a proxy, we need to figure out the proxy
+ * host name, so that we can re-use an existing connection
+ * that may exist registered to the same proxy host.
+ */
+static CURLcode parse_proxy(struct Curl_easy *data,
+                            struct connectdata *conn, char *proxy,
+                            curl_proxytype proxytype)
+{
+  char *portptr = NULL;
+  long port = -1;
+  char *proxyuser = NULL;
+  char *proxypasswd = NULL;
+  char *host;
+  bool sockstype;
+  CURLUcode uc;
+  struct proxy_info *proxyinfo;
+  CURLU *uhp = curl_url();
+  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
+  char *scheme = NULL;
+
+  /* When parsing the proxy, allowing non-supported schemes since we have
+     these made up ones for proxies. Guess scheme for URLs without it. */
+  uc = curl_url_set(uhp, CURLUPART_URL, proxy,
+                    CURLU_NON_SUPPORT_SCHEME|CURLU_GUESS_SCHEME);
+  if(!uc) {
+    /* parsed okay as a URL */
+    uc = curl_url_get(uhp, CURLUPART_SCHEME, &scheme, 0);
+    if(uc) {
+      result = CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+      goto error;
+    }
+
+    if(strcasecompare("https", scheme))
+      proxytype = CURLPROXY_HTTPS;
+    else if(strcasecompare("socks5h", scheme))
+      proxytype = CURLPROXY_SOCKS5_HOSTNAME;
+    else if(strcasecompare("socks5", scheme))
+      proxytype = CURLPROXY_SOCKS5;
+    else if(strcasecompare("socks4a", scheme))
+      proxytype = CURLPROXY_SOCKS4A;
+    else if(strcasecompare("socks4", scheme) ||
+            strcasecompare("socks", scheme))
+      proxytype = CURLPROXY_SOCKS4;
+    else if(strcasecompare("http", scheme))
+      ; /* leave it as HTTP or HTTP/1.0 */
+    else {
+      /* Any other xxx:// reject! */
+      failf(data, "Unsupported proxy scheme for \'%s\'", proxy);
+      result = CURLE_COULDNT_CONNECT;
+      goto error;
+    }
+  }
+  else {
+    failf(data, "Unsupported proxy syntax in \'%s\'", proxy);
+    result = CURLE_COULDNT_RESOLVE_PROXY;
+    goto error;
+  }
+
+#ifdef USE_SSL
+  if(!(Curl_ssl->supports & SSLSUPP_HTTPS_PROXY))
+#endif
+    if(proxytype == CURLPROXY_HTTPS) {
+      failf(data, "Unsupported proxy \'%s\', libcurl is built without the "
+                  "HTTPS-proxy support.", proxy);
+      result = CURLE_NOT_BUILT_IN;
+      goto error;
+    }
+
+  sockstype =
+    proxytype == CURLPROXY_SOCKS5_HOSTNAME ||
+    proxytype == CURLPROXY_SOCKS5 ||
+    proxytype == CURLPROXY_SOCKS4A ||
+    proxytype == CURLPROXY_SOCKS4;
+
+  proxyinfo = sockstype ? &conn->socks_proxy : &conn->http_proxy;
+  proxyinfo->proxytype = proxytype;
+
+  /* Is there a username and password given in this proxy url? */
+  curl_url_get(uhp, CURLUPART_USER, &proxyuser, CURLU_URLDECODE);
+  curl_url_get(uhp, CURLUPART_PASSWORD, &proxypasswd, CURLU_URLDECODE);
+  if(proxyuser || proxypasswd) {
+    Curl_safefree(proxyinfo->user);
+    proxyinfo->user = proxyuser;
+    Curl_safefree(proxyinfo->passwd);
+    if(!proxypasswd) {
+      proxypasswd = strdup("");
+      if(!proxypasswd) {
+        result = CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+        goto error;
+      }
+    }
+    proxyinfo->passwd = proxypasswd;
+    conn->bits.proxy_user_passwd = TRUE; /* enable it */
+  }
+
+  curl_url_get(uhp, CURLUPART_PORT, &portptr, 0);
+
+  if(portptr) {
+    port = strtol(portptr, NULL, 10);
+    free(portptr);
+  }
+  else {
+    if(data->set.proxyport)
+      /* None given in the proxy string, then get the default one if it is
+         given */
+      port = data->set.proxyport;
+    else {
+      if(proxytype == CURLPROXY_HTTPS)
+        port = CURL_DEFAULT_HTTPS_PROXY_PORT;
+      else
+        port = CURL_DEFAULT_PROXY_PORT;
+    }
+  }
+  if(port >= 0) {
+    proxyinfo->port = port;
+    if(conn->port < 0 || sockstype || !conn->socks_proxy.host.rawalloc)
+      conn->port = port;
+  }
+
+  /* now, clone the proxy host name */
+  uc = curl_url_get(uhp, CURLUPART_HOST, &host, CURLU_URLDECODE);
+  if(uc) {
+    result = CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+    goto error;
+  }
+  Curl_safefree(proxyinfo->host.rawalloc);
+  proxyinfo->host.rawalloc = host;
+  if(host[0] == '[') {
+    /* this is a numerical IPv6, strip off the brackets */
+    size_t len = strlen(host);
+    host[len-1] = 0; /* clear the trailing bracket */
+    host++;
+    zonefrom_url(uhp, conn);
+  }
+  proxyinfo->host.name = host;
+
+  error:
+  free(scheme);
+  curl_url_cleanup(uhp);
+  return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Extract the user and password from the authentication string
+ */
+static CURLcode parse_proxy_auth(struct Curl_easy *data,
+                                 struct connectdata *conn)
+{
+  char proxyuser[MAX_CURL_USER_LENGTH]="";
+  char proxypasswd[MAX_CURL_PASSWORD_LENGTH]="";
+  CURLcode result;
+
+  if(data->set.str[STRING_PROXYUSERNAME] != NULL) {
+    strncpy(proxyuser, data->set.str[STRING_PROXYUSERNAME],
+            MAX_CURL_USER_LENGTH);
+    proxyuser[MAX_CURL_USER_LENGTH-1] = '\0';   /*To be on safe side*/
+  }
+  if(data->set.str[STRING_PROXYPASSWORD] != NULL) {
+    strncpy(proxypasswd, data->set.str[STRING_PROXYPASSWORD],
+            MAX_CURL_PASSWORD_LENGTH);
+    proxypasswd[MAX_CURL_PASSWORD_LENGTH-1] = '\0'; /*To be on safe side*/
+  }
+
+  result = Curl_urldecode(data, proxyuser, 0, &conn->http_proxy.user, NULL,
+                          FALSE);
+  if(!result)
+    result = Curl_urldecode(data, proxypasswd, 0, &conn->http_proxy.passwd,
+                            NULL, FALSE);
+  return result;
+}
+
+/* create_conn helper to parse and init proxy values. to be called after unix
+   socket init but before any proxy vars are evaluated. */
+static CURLcode create_conn_helper_init_proxy(struct connectdata *conn)
+{
+  char *proxy = NULL;
+  char *socksproxy = NULL;
+  char *no_proxy = NULL;
+  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
+  struct Curl_easy *data = conn->data;
+
+  /*************************************************************
+   * Extract the user and password from the authentication string
+   *************************************************************/
+  if(conn->bits.proxy_user_passwd) {
+    result = parse_proxy_auth(data, conn);
+    if(result)
+      goto out;
+  }
+
+  /*************************************************************
+   * Detect what (if any) proxy to use
+   *************************************************************/
+  if(data->set.str[STRING_PROXY]) {
+    proxy = strdup(data->set.str[STRING_PROXY]);
+    /* if global proxy is set, this is it */
+    if(NULL == proxy) {
+      failf(data, "memory shortage");
+      result = CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+      goto out;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(data->set.str[STRING_PRE_PROXY]) {
+    socksproxy = strdup(data->set.str[STRING_PRE_PROXY]);
+    /* if global socks proxy is set, this is it */
+    if(NULL == socksproxy) {
+      failf(data, "memory shortage");
+      result = CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+      goto out;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(!data->set.str[STRING_NOPROXY]) {
+    const char *p = "no_proxy";
+    no_proxy = curl_getenv(p);
+    if(!no_proxy) {
+      p = "NO_PROXY";
+      no_proxy = curl_getenv(p);
+    }
+    if(no_proxy) {
+      infof(conn->data, "Uses proxy env variable %s == '%s'\n", p, no_proxy);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(check_noproxy(conn->host.name, data->set.str[STRING_NOPROXY] ?
+      data->set.str[STRING_NOPROXY] : no_proxy)) {
+    Curl_safefree(proxy);
+    Curl_safefree(socksproxy);
+  }
+#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_HTTP
+  else if(!proxy && !socksproxy)
+    /* if the host is not in the noproxy list, detect proxy. */
+    proxy = detect_proxy(conn);
+#endif /* CURL_DISABLE_HTTP */
+
+  Curl_safefree(no_proxy);
+
+#ifdef USE_UNIX_SOCKETS
+  /* For the time being do not mix proxy and unix domain sockets. See #1274 */
+  if(proxy && conn->unix_domain_socket) {
+    free(proxy);
+    proxy = NULL;
+  }
+#endif
+
+  if(proxy && (!*proxy || (conn->handler->flags & PROTOPT_NONETWORK))) {
+    free(proxy);  /* Don't bother with an empty proxy string or if the
+                     protocol doesn't work with network */
+    proxy = NULL;
+  }
+  if(socksproxy && (!*socksproxy ||
+                    (conn->handler->flags & PROTOPT_NONETWORK))) {
+    free(socksproxy);  /* Don't bother with an empty socks proxy string or if
+                          the protocol doesn't work with network */
+    socksproxy = NULL;
+  }
+
+  /***********************************************************************
+   * If this is supposed to use a proxy, we need to figure out the proxy host
+   * name, proxy type and port number, so that we can re-use an existing
+   * connection that may exist registered to the same proxy host.
+   ***********************************************************************/
+  if(proxy || socksproxy) {
+    if(proxy) {
+      result = parse_proxy(data, conn, proxy, conn->http_proxy.proxytype);
+      Curl_safefree(proxy); /* parse_proxy copies the proxy string */
+      if(result)
+        goto out;
+    }
+
+    if(socksproxy) {
+      result = parse_proxy(data, conn, socksproxy,
+                           conn->socks_proxy.proxytype);
+      /* parse_proxy copies the socks proxy string */
+      Curl_safefree(socksproxy);
+      if(result)
+        goto out;
+    }
+
+    if(conn->http_proxy.host.rawalloc) {
+#ifdef CURL_DISABLE_HTTP
+      /* asking for a HTTP proxy is a bit funny when HTTP is disabled... */
+      result = CURLE_UNSUPPORTED_PROTOCOL;
+      goto out;
+#else
+      /* force this connection's protocol to become HTTP if compatible */
+      if(!(conn->handler->protocol & PROTO_FAMILY_HTTP)) {
+        if((conn->handler->flags & PROTOPT_PROXY_AS_HTTP) &&
+           !conn->bits.tunnel_proxy)
+          conn->handler = &Curl_handler_http;
+        else
+          /* if not converting to HTTP over the proxy, enforce tunneling */
+          conn->bits.tunnel_proxy = TRUE;
+      }
+      conn->bits.httpproxy = TRUE;
+#endif
+    }
+    else {
+      conn->bits.httpproxy = FALSE; /* not a HTTP proxy */
+      conn->bits.tunnel_proxy = FALSE; /* no tunneling if not HTTP */
+    }
+
+    if(conn->socks_proxy.host.rawalloc) {
+      if(!conn->http_proxy.host.rawalloc) {
+        /* once a socks proxy */
+        if(!conn->socks_proxy.user) {
+          conn->socks_proxy.user = conn->http_proxy.user;
+          conn->http_proxy.user = NULL;
+          Curl_safefree(conn->socks_proxy.passwd);
+          conn->socks_proxy.passwd = conn->http_proxy.passwd;
+          conn->http_proxy.passwd = NULL;
+        }
+      }
+      conn->bits.socksproxy = TRUE;
+    }
+    else
+      conn->bits.socksproxy = FALSE; /* not a socks proxy */
+  }
+  else {
+    conn->bits.socksproxy = FALSE;
+    conn->bits.httpproxy = FALSE;
+  }
+  conn->bits.proxy = conn->bits.httpproxy || conn->bits.socksproxy;
+
+  if(!conn->bits.proxy) {
+    /* we aren't using the proxy after all... */
+    conn->bits.proxy = FALSE;
+    conn->bits.httpproxy = FALSE;
+    conn->bits.socksproxy = FALSE;
+    conn->bits.proxy_user_passwd = FALSE;
+    conn->bits.tunnel_proxy = FALSE;
+  }
+
+out:
+
+  free(socksproxy);
+  free(proxy);
+  return result;
+}
+#endif /* CURL_DISABLE_PROXY */
+
+/*
+ * Curl_parse_login_details()
+ *
+ * This is used to parse a login string for user name, password and options in
+ * the following formats:
+ *
+ *   user
+ *   user:password
+ *   user:password;options
+ *   user;options
+ *   user;options:password
+ *   :password
+ *   :password;options
+ *   ;options
+ *   ;options:password
+ *
+ * Parameters:
+ *
+ * login    [in]     - The login string.
+ * len      [in]     - The length of the login string.
+ * userp    [in/out] - The address where a pointer to newly allocated memory
+ *                     holding the user will be stored upon completion.
+ * passwdp  [in/out] - The address where a pointer to newly allocated memory
+ *                     holding the password will be stored upon completion.
+ * optionsp [in/out] - The address where a pointer to newly allocated memory
+ *                     holding the options will be stored upon completion.
+ *
+ * Returns CURLE_OK on success.
+ */
+CURLcode Curl_parse_login_details(const char *login, const size_t len,
+                                  char **userp, char **passwdp,
+                                  char **optionsp)
+{
+  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
+  char *ubuf = NULL;
+  char *pbuf = NULL;
+  char *obuf = NULL;
+  const char *psep = NULL;
+  const char *osep = NULL;
+  size_t ulen;
+  size_t plen;
+  size_t olen;
+
+  /* Attempt to find the password separator */
+  if(passwdp) {
+    psep = strchr(login, ':');
+
+    /* Within the constraint of the login string */
+    if(psep >= login + len)
+      psep = NULL;
+  }
+
+  /* Attempt to find the options separator */
+  if(optionsp) {
+    osep = strchr(login, ';');
+
+    /* Within the constraint of the login string */
+    if(osep >= login + len)
+      osep = NULL;
+  }
+
+  /* Calculate the portion lengths */
+  ulen = (psep ?
+          (size_t)(osep && psep > osep ? osep - login : psep - login) :
+          (osep ? (size_t)(osep - login) : len));
+  plen = (psep ?
+          (osep && osep > psep ? (size_t)(osep - psep) :
+                                 (size_t)(login + len - psep)) - 1 : 0);
+  olen = (osep ?
+          (psep && psep > osep ? (size_t)(psep - osep) :
+                                 (size_t)(login + len - osep)) - 1 : 0);
+
+  /* Allocate the user portion buffer */
+  if(userp && ulen) {
+    ubuf = malloc(ulen + 1);
+    if(!ubuf)
+      result = CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+  }
+
+  /* Allocate the password portion buffer */
+  if(!result && passwdp && plen) {
+    pbuf = malloc(plen + 1);
+    if(!pbuf) {
+      free(ubuf);
+      result = CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Allocate the options portion buffer */
+  if(!result && optionsp && olen) {
+    obuf = malloc(olen + 1);
+    if(!obuf) {
+      free(pbuf);
+      free(ubuf);
+      result = CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(!result) {
+    /* Store the user portion if necessary */
+    if(ubuf) {
+      memcpy(ubuf, login, ulen);
+      ubuf[ulen] = '\0';
+      Curl_safefree(*userp);
+      *userp = ubuf;
+    }
+
+    /* Store the password portion if necessary */
+    if(pbuf) {
+      memcpy(pbuf, psep + 1, plen);
+      pbuf[plen] = '\0';
+      Curl_safefree(*passwdp);
+      *passwdp = pbuf;
+    }
+
+    /* Store the options portion if necessary */
+    if(obuf) {
+      memcpy(obuf, osep + 1, olen);
+      obuf[olen] = '\0';
+      Curl_safefree(*optionsp);
+      *optionsp = obuf;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+/*************************************************************
+ * Figure out the remote port number and fix it in the URL
+ *
+ * No matter if we use a proxy or not, we have to figure out the remote
+ * port number of various reasons.
+ *
+ * The port number embedded in the URL is replaced, if necessary.
+ *************************************************************/
+static CURLcode parse_remote_port(struct Curl_easy *data,
+                                  struct connectdata *conn)
+{
+
+  if(data->set.use_port && data->state.allow_port) {
+    /* if set, we use this instead of the port possibly given in the URL */
+    char portbuf[16];
+    CURLUcode uc;
+    conn->remote_port = (unsigned short)data->set.use_port;
+    msnprintf(portbuf, sizeof(portbuf), "%d", conn->remote_port);
+    uc = curl_url_set(data->state.uh, CURLUPART_PORT, portbuf, 0);
+    if(uc)
+      return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+  }
+
+  return CURLE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Override the login details from the URL with that in the CURLOPT_USERPWD
+ * option or a .netrc file, if applicable.
+ */
+static CURLcode override_login(struct Curl_easy *data,
+                               struct connectdata *conn,
+                               char **userp, char **passwdp, char **optionsp)
+{
+  bool user_changed = FALSE;
+  bool passwd_changed = FALSE;
+  CURLUcode uc;
+
+  if(data->set.use_netrc == CURL_NETRC_REQUIRED && conn->bits.user_passwd) {
+    /* ignore user+password in the URL */
+    if(*userp) {
+      Curl_safefree(*userp);
+      user_changed = TRUE;
+    }
+    if(*passwdp) {
+      Curl_safefree(*passwdp);
+      passwd_changed = TRUE;
+    }
+    conn->bits.user_passwd = FALSE; /* disable user+password */
+  }
+
+  if(data->set.str[STRING_USERNAME]) {
+    free(*userp);
+    *userp = strdup(data->set.str[STRING_USERNAME]);
+    if(!*userp)
+      return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+    conn->bits.user_passwd = TRUE; /* enable user+password */
+    user_changed = TRUE;
+  }
+
+  if(data->set.str[STRING_PASSWORD]) {
+    free(*passwdp);
+    *passwdp = strdup(data->set.str[STRING_PASSWORD]);
+    if(!*passwdp)
+      return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+    conn->bits.user_passwd = TRUE; /* enable user+password */
+    passwd_changed = TRUE;
+  }
+
+  if(data->set.str[STRING_OPTIONS]) {
+    free(*optionsp);
+    *optionsp = strdup(data->set.str[STRING_OPTIONS]);
+    if(!*optionsp)
+      return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+  }
+
+  conn->bits.netrc = FALSE;
+  if(data->set.use_netrc != CURL_NETRC_IGNORED &&
+      (!*userp || !**userp || !*passwdp || !**passwdp)) {
+    bool netrc_user_changed = FALSE;
+    bool netrc_passwd_changed = FALSE;
+    int ret;
+
+    ret = Curl_parsenetrc(conn->host.name,
+                          userp, passwdp,
+                          &netrc_user_changed, &netrc_passwd_changed,
+                          data->set.str[STRING_NETRC_FILE]);
+    if(ret > 0) {
+      infof(data, "Couldn't find host %s in the .netrc file; using defaults\n",
+            conn->host.name);
+    }
+    else if(ret < 0) {
+      return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+    }
+    else {
+      /* set bits.netrc TRUE to remember that we got the name from a .netrc
+         file, so that it is safe to use even if we followed a Location: to a
+         different host or similar. */
+      conn->bits.netrc = TRUE;
+      conn->bits.user_passwd = TRUE; /* enable user+password */
+
+      if(netrc_user_changed) {
+        user_changed = TRUE;
+      }
+      if(netrc_passwd_changed) {
+        passwd_changed = TRUE;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* for updated strings, we update them in the URL */
+  if(user_changed) {
+    uc = curl_url_set(data->state.uh, CURLUPART_USER, *userp, 0);
+    if(uc)
+      return Curl_uc_to_curlcode(uc);
+  }
+  if(passwd_changed) {
+    uc = curl_url_set(data->state.uh, CURLUPART_PASSWORD, *passwdp, 0);
+    if(uc)
+      return Curl_uc_to_curlcode(uc);
+  }
+  return CURLE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set the login details so they're available in the connection
+ */
+static CURLcode set_login(struct connectdata *conn)
+{
+  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
+  const char *setuser = CURL_DEFAULT_USER;
+  const char *setpasswd = CURL_DEFAULT_PASSWORD;
+
+  /* If our protocol needs a password and we have none, use the defaults */
+  if((conn->handler->flags & PROTOPT_NEEDSPWD) && !conn->bits.user_passwd)
+    ;
+  else {
+    setuser = "";
+    setpasswd = "";
+  }
+  /* Store the default user */
+  if(!conn->user) {
+    conn->user = strdup(setuser);
+    if(!conn->user)
+      return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+  }
+
+  /* Store the default password */
+  if(!conn->passwd) {
+    conn->passwd = strdup(setpasswd);
+    if(!conn->passwd)
+      result = CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+  }
+
+  /* if there's a user without password, consider password blank */
+  if(conn->user && !conn->passwd) {
+    conn->passwd = strdup("");
+    if(!conn->passwd)
+      result = CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Parses a "host:port" string to connect to.
+ * The hostname and the port may be empty; in this case, NULL is returned for
+ * the hostname and -1 for the port.
+ */
+static CURLcode parse_connect_to_host_port(struct Curl_easy *data,
+                                           const char *host,
+                                           char **hostname_result,
+                                           int *port_result)
+{
+  char *host_dup;
+  char *hostptr;
+  char *host_portno;
+  char *portptr;
+  int port = -1;
+
+#if defined(CURL_DISABLE_VERBOSE_STRINGS)
+  (void) data;
+#endif
+
+  *hostname_result = NULL;
+  *port_result = -1;
+
+  if(!host || !*host)
+    return CURLE_OK;
+
+  host_dup = strdup(host);
+  if(!host_dup)
+    return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+
+  hostptr = host_dup;
+
+  /* start scanning for port number at this point */
+  portptr = hostptr;
+
+  /* detect and extract RFC6874-style IPv6-addresses */
+  if(*hostptr == '[') {
+#ifdef ENABLE_IPV6
+    char *ptr = ++hostptr; /* advance beyond the initial bracket */
+    while(*ptr && (ISXDIGIT(*ptr) || (*ptr == ':') || (*ptr == '.')))
+      ptr++;
+    if(*ptr == '%') {
+      /* There might be a zone identifier */
+      if(strncmp("%25", ptr, 3))
+        infof(data, "Please URL encode %% as %%25, see RFC 6874.\n");
+      ptr++;
+      /* Allow unreserved characters as defined in RFC 3986 */
+      while(*ptr && (ISALPHA(*ptr) || ISXDIGIT(*ptr) || (*ptr == '-') ||
+                     (*ptr == '.') || (*ptr == '_') || (*ptr == '~')))
+        ptr++;
+    }
+    if(*ptr == ']')
+      /* yeps, it ended nicely with a bracket as well */
+      *ptr++ = '\0';
+    else
+      infof(data, "Invalid IPv6 address format\n");
+    portptr = ptr;
+    /* Note that if this didn't end with a bracket, we still advanced the
+     * hostptr first, but I can't see anything wrong with that as no host
+     * name nor a numeric can legally start with a bracket.
+     */
+#else
+    failf(data, "Use of IPv6 in *_CONNECT_TO without IPv6 support built-in!");
+    free(host_dup);
+    return CURLE_NOT_BUILT_IN;
+#endif
+  }
+
+  /* Get port number off server.com:1080 */
+  host_portno = strchr(portptr, ':');
+  if(host_portno) {
+    char *endp = NULL;
+    *host_portno = '\0'; /* cut off number from host name */
+    host_portno++;
+    if(*host_portno) {
+      long portparse = strtol(host_portno, &endp, 10);
+      if((endp && *endp) || (portparse < 0) || (portparse > 65535)) {
+        infof(data, "No valid port number in connect to host string (%s)\n",
+              host_portno);
+        hostptr = NULL;
+        port = -1;
+      }
+      else
+        port = (int)portparse; /* we know it will fit */
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* now, clone the cleaned host name */
+  if(hostptr) {
+    *hostname_result = strdup(hostptr);
+    if(!*hostname_result) {
+      free(host_dup);
+      return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+    }
+  }
+
+  *port_result = port;
+
+  free(host_dup);
+  return CURLE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Parses one "connect to" string in the form:
+ * "HOST:PORT:CONNECT-TO-HOST:CONNECT-TO-PORT".
+ */
+static CURLcode parse_connect_to_string(struct Curl_easy *data,
+                                        struct connectdata *conn,
+                                        const char *conn_to_host,
+                                        char **host_result,
+                                        int *port_result)
+{
+  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
+  const char *ptr = conn_to_host;
+  int host_match = FALSE;
+  int port_match = FALSE;
+
+  *host_result = NULL;
+  *port_result = -1;
+
+  if(*ptr == ':') {
+    /* an empty hostname always matches */
+    host_match = TRUE;
+    ptr++;
+  }
+  else {
+    /* check whether the URL's hostname matches */
+    size_t hostname_to_match_len;
+    char *hostname_to_match = aprintf("%s%s%s",
+                                      conn->bits.ipv6_ip ? "[" : "",
+                                      conn->host.name,
+                                      conn->bits.ipv6_ip ? "]" : "");
+    if(!hostname_to_match)
+      return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+    hostname_to_match_len = strlen(hostname_to_match);
+    host_match = strncasecompare(ptr, hostname_to_match,
+                                 hostname_to_match_len);
+    free(hostname_to_match);
+    ptr += hostname_to_match_len;
+
+    host_match = host_match && *ptr == ':';
+    ptr++;
+  }
+
+  if(host_match) {
+    if(*ptr == ':') {
+      /* an empty port always matches */
+      port_match = TRUE;
+      ptr++;
+    }
+    else {
+      /* check whether the URL's port matches */
+      char *ptr_next = strchr(ptr, ':');
+      if(ptr_next) {
+        char *endp = NULL;
+        long port_to_match = strtol(ptr, &endp, 10);
+        if((endp == ptr_next) && (port_to_match == conn->remote_port)) {
+          port_match = TRUE;
+          ptr = ptr_next + 1;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(host_match && port_match) {
+    /* parse the hostname and port to connect to */
+    result = parse_connect_to_host_port(data, ptr, host_result, port_result);
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Processes all strings in the "connect to" slist, and uses the "connect
+ * to host" and "connect to port" of the first string that matches.
+ */
+static CURLcode parse_connect_to_slist(struct Curl_easy *data,
+                                       struct connectdata *conn,
+                                       struct curl_slist *conn_to_host)
+{
+  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
+  char *host = NULL;
+  int port = -1;
+
+  while(conn_to_host && !host && port == -1) {
+    result = parse_connect_to_string(data, conn, conn_to_host->data,
+                                     &host, &port);
+    if(result)
+      return result;
+
+    if(host && *host) {
+      conn->conn_to_host.rawalloc = host;
+      conn->conn_to_host.name = host;
+      conn->bits.conn_to_host = TRUE;
+
+      infof(data, "Connecting to hostname: %s\n", host);
+    }
+    else {
+      /* no "connect to host" */
+      conn->bits.conn_to_host = FALSE;
+      Curl_safefree(host);
+    }
+
+    if(port >= 0) {
+      conn->conn_to_port = port;
+      conn->bits.conn_to_port = TRUE;
+      infof(data, "Connecting to port: %d\n", port);
+    }
+    else {
+      /* no "connect to port" */
+      conn->bits.conn_to_port = FALSE;
+      port = -1;
+    }
+
+    conn_to_host = conn_to_host->next;
+  }
+
+#ifdef USE_ALTSVC
+  if(data->asi && !host && (port == -1) &&
+     (conn->handler->protocol == CURLPROTO_HTTPS)) {
+    /* no connect_to match, try alt-svc! */
+    enum alpnid srcalpnid;
+    bool hit;
+    struct altsvc *as;
+    const int allowed_versions = ( ALPN_h1
+#ifdef USE_NGHTTP2
+      | ALPN_h2
+#endif
+#ifdef ENABLE_QUIC
+      | ALPN_h3
+#endif
+      ) & data->asi->flags;
+
+    host = conn->host.rawalloc;
+#ifdef USE_NGHTTP2
+    /* with h2 support, check that first */
+    srcalpnid = ALPN_h2;
+    hit = Curl_altsvc_lookup(data->asi,
+                             srcalpnid, host, conn->remote_port, /* from */
+                             &as /* to */,
+                             allowed_versions);
+    if(!hit)
+#endif
+    {
+      srcalpnid = ALPN_h1;
+      hit = Curl_altsvc_lookup(data->asi,
+                               srcalpnid, host, conn->remote_port, /* from */
+                               &as /* to */,
+                               allowed_versions);
+    }
+    if(hit) {
+      char *hostd = strdup((char *)as->dst.host);
+      if(!hostd)
+        return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+      conn->conn_to_host.rawalloc = hostd;
+      conn->conn_to_host.name = hostd;
+      conn->bits.conn_to_host = TRUE;
+      conn->conn_to_port = as->dst.port;
+      conn->bits.conn_to_port = TRUE;
+      conn->bits.altused = TRUE;
+      infof(data, "Alt-svc connecting from [%s]%s:%d to [%s]%s:%d\n",
+            Curl_alpnid2str(srcalpnid), host, conn->remote_port,
+            Curl_alpnid2str(as->dst.alpnid), hostd, as->dst.port);
+      if(srcalpnid != as->dst.alpnid) {
+        /* protocol version switch */
+        switch(as->dst.alpnid) {
+        case ALPN_h1:
+          conn->httpversion = 11;
+          break;
+        case ALPN_h2:
+          conn->httpversion = 20;
+          break;
+        case ALPN_h3:
+          conn->transport = TRNSPRT_QUIC;
+          conn->httpversion = 30;
+          break;
+        default: /* shouldn't be possible */
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+/*************************************************************
+ * Resolve the address of the server or proxy
+ *************************************************************/
+static CURLcode resolve_server(struct Curl_easy *data,
+                               struct connectdata *conn,
+                               bool *async)
+{
+  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
+  timediff_t timeout_ms = Curl_timeleft(data, NULL, TRUE);
+
+  DEBUGASSERT(conn);
+  DEBUGASSERT(data);
+  /*************************************************************
+   * Resolve the name of the server or proxy
+   *************************************************************/
+  if(conn->bits.reuse)
+    /* We're reusing the connection - no need to resolve anything, and
+       idnconvert_hostname() was called already in create_conn() for the re-use
+       case. */
+    *async = FALSE;
+
+  else {
+    /* this is a fresh connect */
+    int rc;
+    struct Curl_dns_entry *hostaddr;
+
+#ifdef USE_UNIX_SOCKETS
+    if(conn->unix_domain_socket) {
+      /* Unix domain sockets are local. The host gets ignored, just use the
+       * specified domain socket address. Do not cache "DNS entries". There is
+       * no DNS involved and we already have the filesystem path available */
+      const char *path = conn->unix_domain_socket;
+
+      hostaddr = calloc(1, sizeof(struct Curl_dns_entry));
+      if(!hostaddr)
+        result = CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+      else {
+        bool longpath = FALSE;
+        hostaddr->addr = Curl_unix2addr(path, &longpath,
+                                        conn->abstract_unix_socket);
+        if(hostaddr->addr)
+          hostaddr->inuse++;
+        else {
+          /* Long paths are not supported for now */
+          if(longpath) {
+            failf(data, "Unix socket path too long: '%s'", path);
+            result = CURLE_COULDNT_RESOLVE_HOST;
+          }
+          else
+            result = CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+          free(hostaddr);
+          hostaddr = NULL;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    else
+#endif
+    if(!conn->bits.proxy) {
+      struct hostname *connhost;
+      if(conn->bits.conn_to_host)
+        connhost = &conn->conn_to_host;
+      else
+        connhost = &conn->host;
+
+      /* If not connecting via a proxy, extract the port from the URL, if it is
+       * there, thus overriding any defaults that might have been set above. */
+      if(conn->bits.conn_to_port)
+        conn->port = conn->conn_to_port;
+      else
+        conn->port = conn->remote_port;
+
+      /* Resolve target host right on */
+      conn->hostname_resolve = strdup(connhost->name);
+      if(!conn->hostname_resolve)
+        return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+      rc = Curl_resolv_timeout(conn, conn->hostname_resolve, (int)conn->port,
+                               &hostaddr, timeout_ms);
+      if(rc == CURLRESOLV_PENDING)
+        *async = TRUE;
+
+      else if(rc == CURLRESOLV_TIMEDOUT)
+        result = CURLE_OPERATION_TIMEDOUT;
+
+      else if(!hostaddr) {
+        failf(data, "Couldn't resolve host '%s'", connhost->dispname);
+        result =  CURLE_COULDNT_RESOLVE_HOST;
+        /* don't return yet, we need to clean up the timeout first */
+      }
+    }
+    else {
+      /* This is a proxy that hasn't been resolved yet. */
+
+      struct hostname * const host = conn->bits.socksproxy ?
+        &conn->socks_proxy.host : &conn->http_proxy.host;
+
+      /* resolve proxy */
+      conn->hostname_resolve = strdup(host->name);
+      if(!conn->hostname_resolve)
+        return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+      rc = Curl_resolv_timeout(conn, conn->hostname_resolve, (int)conn->port,
+                               &hostaddr, timeout_ms);
+
+      if(rc == CURLRESOLV_PENDING)
+        *async = TRUE;
+
+      else if(rc == CURLRESOLV_TIMEDOUT)
+        result = CURLE_OPERATION_TIMEDOUT;
+
+      else if(!hostaddr) {
+        failf(data, "Couldn't resolve proxy '%s'", host->dispname);
+        result = CURLE_COULDNT_RESOLVE_PROXY;
+        /* don't return yet, we need to clean up the timeout first */
+      }
+    }
+    DEBUGASSERT(conn->dns_entry == NULL);
+    conn->dns_entry = hostaddr;
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Cleanup the connection just allocated before we can move along and use the
+ * previously existing one.  All relevant data is copied over and old_conn is
+ * ready for freeing once this function returns.
+ */
+static void reuse_conn(struct connectdata *old_conn,
+                       struct connectdata *conn)
+{
+  free_idnconverted_hostname(&old_conn->http_proxy.host);
+  free_idnconverted_hostname(&old_conn->socks_proxy.host);
+
+  free(old_conn->http_proxy.host.rawalloc);
+  free(old_conn->socks_proxy.host.rawalloc);
+
+  /* free the SSL config struct from this connection struct as this was
+     allocated in vain and is targeted for destruction */
+  Curl_free_primary_ssl_config(&old_conn->ssl_config);
+  Curl_free_primary_ssl_config(&old_conn->proxy_ssl_config);
+
+  conn->data = old_conn->data;
+
+  /* get the user+password information from the old_conn struct since it may
+   * be new for this request even when we re-use an existing connection */
+  conn->bits.user_passwd = old_conn->bits.user_passwd;
+  if(conn->bits.user_passwd) {
+    /* use the new user name and password though */
+    Curl_safefree(conn->user);
+    Curl_safefree(conn->passwd);
+    conn->user = old_conn->user;
+    conn->passwd = old_conn->passwd;
+    old_conn->user = NULL;
+    old_conn->passwd = NULL;
+  }
+
+  conn->bits.proxy_user_passwd = old_conn->bits.proxy_user_passwd;
+  if(conn->bits.proxy_user_passwd) {
+    /* use the new proxy user name and proxy password though */
+    Curl_safefree(conn->http_proxy.user);
+    Curl_safefree(conn->socks_proxy.user);
+    Curl_safefree(conn->http_proxy.passwd);
+    Curl_safefree(conn->socks_proxy.passwd);
+    conn->http_proxy.user = old_conn->http_proxy.user;
+    conn->socks_proxy.user = old_conn->socks_proxy.user;
+    conn->http_proxy.passwd = old_conn->http_proxy.passwd;
+    conn->socks_proxy.passwd = old_conn->socks_proxy.passwd;
+    old_conn->http_proxy.user = NULL;
+    old_conn->socks_proxy.user = NULL;
+    old_conn->http_proxy.passwd = NULL;
+    old_conn->socks_proxy.passwd = NULL;
+  }
+
+  /* host can change, when doing keepalive with a proxy or if the case is
+     different this time etc */
+  free_idnconverted_hostname(&conn->host);
+  free_idnconverted_hostname(&conn->conn_to_host);
+  Curl_safefree(conn->host.rawalloc);
+  Curl_safefree(conn->conn_to_host.rawalloc);
+  conn->host = old_conn->host;
+  conn->conn_to_host = old_conn->conn_to_host;
+  conn->conn_to_port = old_conn->conn_to_port;
+  conn->remote_port = old_conn->remote_port;
+  Curl_safefree(conn->hostname_resolve);
+
+  conn->hostname_resolve = old_conn->hostname_resolve;
+  old_conn->hostname_resolve = NULL;
+
+  /* persist connection info in session handle */
+  Curl_persistconninfo(conn);
+
+  conn_reset_all_postponed_data(old_conn); /* free buffers */
+
+  /* re-use init */
+  conn->bits.reuse = TRUE; /* yes, we're re-using here */
+
+  Curl_safefree(old_conn->user);
+  Curl_safefree(old_conn->passwd);
+  Curl_safefree(old_conn->options);
+  Curl_safefree(old_conn->http_proxy.user);
+  Curl_safefree(old_conn->socks_proxy.user);
+  Curl_safefree(old_conn->http_proxy.passwd);
+  Curl_safefree(old_conn->socks_proxy.passwd);
+  Curl_safefree(old_conn->localdev);
+  Curl_llist_destroy(&old_conn->easyq, NULL);
+
+#ifdef USE_UNIX_SOCKETS
+  Curl_safefree(old_conn->unix_domain_socket);
+#endif
+}
+
+/**
+ * create_conn() sets up a new connectdata struct, or re-uses an already
+ * existing one, and resolves host name.
+ *
+ * if this function returns CURLE_OK and *async is set to TRUE, the resolve
+ * response will be coming asynchronously. If *async is FALSE, the name is
+ * already resolved.
+ *
+ * @param data The sessionhandle pointer
+ * @param in_connect is set to the next connection data pointer
+ * @param async is set TRUE when an async DNS resolution is pending
+ * @see Curl_setup_conn()
+ *
+ * *NOTE* this function assigns the conn->data pointer!
+ */
+
+static CURLcode create_conn(struct Curl_easy *data,
+                            struct connectdata **in_connect,
+                            bool *async)
+{
+  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
+  struct connectdata *conn;
+  struct connectdata *conn_temp = NULL;
+  bool reuse;
+  bool connections_available = TRUE;
+  bool force_reuse = FALSE;
+  bool waitpipe = FALSE;
+  size_t max_host_connections = Curl_multi_max_host_connections(data->multi);
+  size_t max_total_connections = Curl_multi_max_total_connections(data->multi);
+
+  *async = FALSE;
+  *in_connect = NULL;
+
+  /*************************************************************
+   * Check input data
+   *************************************************************/
+  if(!data->change.url) {
+    result = CURLE_URL_MALFORMAT;
+    goto out;
+  }
+
+  /* First, split up the current URL in parts so that we can use the
+     parts for checking against the already present connections. In order
+     to not have to modify everything at once, we allocate a temporary
+     connection data struct and fill in for comparison purposes. */
+  conn = allocate_conn(data);
+
+  if(!conn) {
+    result = CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+    goto out;
+  }
+
+  /* We must set the return variable as soon as possible, so that our
+     parent can cleanup any possible allocs we may have done before
+     any failure */
+  *in_connect = conn;
+
+  result = parseurlandfillconn(data, conn);
+  if(result)
+    goto out;
+
+  if(data->set.str[STRING_BEARER]) {
+    conn->oauth_bearer = strdup(data->set.str[STRING_BEARER]);
+    if(!conn->oauth_bearer) {
+      result = CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+      goto out;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(data->set.str[STRING_SASL_AUTHZID]) {
+    conn->sasl_authzid = strdup(data->set.str[STRING_SASL_AUTHZID]);
+    if(!conn->sasl_authzid) {
+      result = CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+      goto out;
+    }
+  }
+
+#ifdef USE_UNIX_SOCKETS
+  if(data->set.str[STRING_UNIX_SOCKET_PATH]) {
+    conn->unix_domain_socket = strdup(data->set.str[STRING_UNIX_SOCKET_PATH]);
+    if(conn->unix_domain_socket == NULL) {
+      result = CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+      goto out;
+    }
+    conn->abstract_unix_socket = data->set.abstract_unix_socket;
+  }
+#endif
+
+  /* After the unix socket init but before the proxy vars are used, parse and
+     initialize the proxy vars */
+#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_PROXY
+  result = create_conn_helper_init_proxy(conn);
+  if(result)
+    goto out;
+#endif
+
+  /*************************************************************
+   * If the protocol is using SSL and HTTP proxy is used, we set
+   * the tunnel_proxy bit.
+   *************************************************************/
+  if((conn->given->flags&PROTOPT_SSL) && conn->bits.httpproxy)
+    conn->bits.tunnel_proxy = TRUE;
+
+  /*************************************************************
+   * Figure out the remote port number and fix it in the URL
+   *************************************************************/
+  result = parse_remote_port(data, conn);
+  if(result)
+    goto out;
+
+  /* Check for overridden login details and set them accordingly so they
+     they are known when protocol->setup_connection is called! */
+  result = override_login(data, conn, &conn->user, &conn->passwd,
+                          &conn->options);
+  if(result)
+    goto out;
+
+  result = set_login(conn); /* default credentials */
+  if(result)
+    goto out;
+
+  /*************************************************************
+   * Process the "connect to" linked list of hostname/port mappings.
+   * Do this after the remote port number has been fixed in the URL.
+   *************************************************************/
+  result = parse_connect_to_slist(data, conn, data->set.connect_to);
+  if(result)
+    goto out;
+
+  /*************************************************************
+   * IDN-convert the hostnames
+   *************************************************************/
+  result = idnconvert_hostname(conn, &conn->host);
+  if(result)
+    goto out;
+  if(conn->bits.conn_to_host) {
+    result = idnconvert_hostname(conn, &conn->conn_to_host);
+    if(result)
+      goto out;
+  }
+  if(conn->bits.httpproxy) {
+    result = idnconvert_hostname(conn, &conn->http_proxy.host);
+    if(result)
+      goto out;
+  }
+  if(conn->bits.socksproxy) {
+    result = idnconvert_hostname(conn, &conn->socks_proxy.host);
+    if(result)
+      goto out;
+  }
+
+  /*************************************************************
+   * Check whether the host and the "connect to host" are equal.
+   * Do this after the hostnames have been IDN-converted.
+   *************************************************************/
+  if(conn->bits.conn_to_host &&
+     strcasecompare(conn->conn_to_host.name, conn->host.name)) {
+    conn->bits.conn_to_host = FALSE;
+  }
+
+  /*************************************************************
+   * Check whether the port and the "connect to port" are equal.
+   * Do this after the remote port number has been fixed in the URL.
+   *************************************************************/
+  if(conn->bits.conn_to_port && conn->conn_to_port == conn->remote_port) {
+    conn->bits.conn_to_port = FALSE;
+  }
+
+  /*************************************************************
+   * If the "connect to" feature is used with an HTTP proxy,
+   * we set the tunnel_proxy bit.
+   *************************************************************/
+  if((conn->bits.conn_to_host || conn->bits.conn_to_port) &&
+      conn->bits.httpproxy)
+    conn->bits.tunnel_proxy = TRUE;
+
+  /*************************************************************
+   * Setup internals depending on protocol. Needs to be done after
+   * we figured out what/if proxy to use.
+   *************************************************************/
+  result = setup_connection_internals(conn);
+  if(result)
+    goto out;
+
+  conn->recv[FIRSTSOCKET] = Curl_recv_plain;
+  conn->send[FIRSTSOCKET] = Curl_send_plain;
+  conn->recv[SECONDARYSOCKET] = Curl_recv_plain;
+  conn->send[SECONDARYSOCKET] = Curl_send_plain;
+
+  conn->bits.tcp_fastopen = data->set.tcp_fastopen;
+
+  /***********************************************************************
+   * file: is a special case in that it doesn't need a network connection
+   ***********************************************************************/
+#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_FILE
+  if(conn->handler->flags & PROTOPT_NONETWORK) {
+    bool done;
+    /* this is supposed to be the connect function so we better at least check
+       that the file is present here! */
+    DEBUGASSERT(conn->handler->connect_it);
+    Curl_persistconninfo(conn);
+    result = conn->handler->connect_it(conn, &done);
+
+    /* Setup a "faked" transfer that'll do nothing */
+    if(!result) {
+      conn->bits.tcpconnect[FIRSTSOCKET] = TRUE; /* we are "connected */
+
+      result = Curl_conncache_add_conn(data->state.conn_cache, conn);
+      if(result)
+        goto out;
+
+      /*
+       * Setup whatever necessary for a resumed transfer
+       */
+      result = setup_range(data);
+      if(result) {
+        DEBUGASSERT(conn->handler->done);
+        /* we ignore the return code for the protocol-specific DONE */
+        (void)conn->handler->done(conn, result, FALSE);
+        goto out;
+      }
+      Curl_attach_connnection(data, conn);
+      Curl_setup_transfer(data, -1, -1, FALSE, -1);
+    }
+
+    /* since we skip do_init() */
+    Curl_init_do(data, conn);
+
+    goto out;
+  }
+#endif
+
+  /* Get a cloned copy of the SSL config situation stored in the
+     connection struct. But to get this going nicely, we must first make
+     sure that the strings in the master copy are pointing to the correct
+     strings in the session handle strings array!
+
+     Keep in mind that the pointers in the master copy are pointing to strings
+     that will be freed as part of the Curl_easy struct, but all cloned
+     copies will be separately allocated.
+  */
+  data->set.ssl.primary.CApath = data->set.str[STRING_SSL_CAPATH_ORIG];
+  data->set.proxy_ssl.primary.CApath = data->set.str[STRING_SSL_CAPATH_PROXY];
+  data->set.ssl.primary.CAfile = data->set.str[STRING_SSL_CAFILE_ORIG];
+  data->set.proxy_ssl.primary.CAfile = data->set.str[STRING_SSL_CAFILE_PROXY];
+  data->set.ssl.primary.random_file = data->set.str[STRING_SSL_RANDOM_FILE];
+  data->set.proxy_ssl.primary.random_file =
+    data->set.str[STRING_SSL_RANDOM_FILE];
+  data->set.ssl.primary.egdsocket = data->set.str[STRING_SSL_EGDSOCKET];
+  data->set.proxy_ssl.primary.egdsocket = data->set.str[STRING_SSL_EGDSOCKET];
+  data->set.ssl.primary.cipher_list =
+    data->set.str[STRING_SSL_CIPHER_LIST_ORIG];
+  data->set.proxy_ssl.primary.cipher_list =
+    data->set.str[STRING_SSL_CIPHER_LIST_PROXY];
+  data->set.ssl.primary.cipher_list13 =
+    data->set.str[STRING_SSL_CIPHER13_LIST_ORIG];
+  data->set.proxy_ssl.primary.cipher_list13 =
+    data->set.str[STRING_SSL_CIPHER13_LIST_PROXY];
+
+  data->set.ssl.CRLfile = data->set.str[STRING_SSL_CRLFILE_ORIG];
+  data->set.proxy_ssl.CRLfile = data->set.str[STRING_SSL_CRLFILE_PROXY];
+  data->set.ssl.issuercert = data->set.str[STRING_SSL_ISSUERCERT_ORIG];
+  data->set.proxy_ssl.issuercert = data->set.str[STRING_SSL_ISSUERCERT_PROXY];
+  data->set.ssl.cert = data->set.str[STRING_CERT_ORIG];
+  data->set.proxy_ssl.cert = data->set.str[STRING_CERT_PROXY];
+  data->set.ssl.cert_type = data->set.str[STRING_CERT_TYPE_ORIG];
+  data->set.proxy_ssl.cert_type = data->set.str[STRING_CERT_TYPE_PROXY];
+  data->set.ssl.key = data->set.str[STRING_KEY_ORIG];
+  data->set.proxy_ssl.key = data->set.str[STRING_KEY_PROXY];
+  data->set.ssl.key_type = data->set.str[STRING_KEY_TYPE_ORIG];
+  data->set.proxy_ssl.key_type = data->set.str[STRING_KEY_TYPE_PROXY];
+  data->set.ssl.key_passwd = data->set.str[STRING_KEY_PASSWD_ORIG];
+  data->set.proxy_ssl.key_passwd = data->set.str[STRING_KEY_PASSWD_PROXY];
+  data->set.ssl.primary.clientcert = data->set.str[STRING_CERT_ORIG];
+  data->set.proxy_ssl.primary.clientcert = data->set.str[STRING_CERT_PROXY];
+#ifdef USE_TLS_SRP
+  data->set.ssl.username = data->set.str[STRING_TLSAUTH_USERNAME_ORIG];
+  data->set.proxy_ssl.username = data->set.str[STRING_TLSAUTH_USERNAME_PROXY];
+  data->set.ssl.password = data->set.str[STRING_TLSAUTH_PASSWORD_ORIG];
+  data->set.proxy_ssl.password = data->set.str[STRING_TLSAUTH_PASSWORD_PROXY];
+#endif
+
+  if(!Curl_clone_primary_ssl_config(&data->set.ssl.primary,
+     &conn->ssl_config)) {
+    result = CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+    goto out;
+  }
+
+  if(!Curl_clone_primary_ssl_config(&data->set.proxy_ssl.primary,
+                                    &conn->proxy_ssl_config)) {
+    result = CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+    goto out;
+  }
+
+  prune_dead_connections(data);
+
+  /*************************************************************
+   * Check the current list of connections to see if we can
+   * re-use an already existing one or if we have to create a
+   * new one.
+   *************************************************************/
+
+  DEBUGASSERT(conn->user);
+  DEBUGASSERT(conn->passwd);
+
+  /* reuse_fresh is TRUE if we are told to use a new connection by force, but
+     we only acknowledge this option if this is not a re-used connection
+     already (which happens due to follow-location or during a HTTP
+     authentication phase). CONNECT_ONLY transfers also refuse reuse. */
+  if((data->set.reuse_fresh && !data->state.this_is_a_follow) ||
+     data->set.connect_only)
+    reuse = FALSE;
+  else
+    reuse = ConnectionExists(data, conn, &conn_temp, &force_reuse, &waitpipe);
+
+  /* If we found a reusable connection that is now marked as in use, we may
+     still want to open a new connection if we are multiplexing. */
+  if(reuse && !force_reuse && IsMultiplexingPossible(data, conn_temp)) {
+    size_t multiplexed = CONN_INUSE(conn_temp);
+    if(multiplexed > 0) {
+      infof(data, "Found connection %ld, with %zu requests on it\n",
+            conn_temp->connection_id, multiplexed);
+
+      if(Curl_conncache_bundle_size(conn_temp) < max_host_connections &&
+         Curl_conncache_size(data) < max_total_connections) {
+        /* We want a new connection anyway */
+        reuse = FALSE;
+
+        infof(data, "We can reuse, but we want a new connection anyway\n");
+        Curl_conncache_return_conn(conn_temp);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(reuse) {
+    /*
+     * We already have a connection for this, we got the former connection
+     * in the conn_temp variable and thus we need to cleanup the one we
+     * just allocated before we can move along and use the previously
+     * existing one.
+     */
+    reuse_conn(conn, conn_temp);
+#ifdef USE_SSL
+    free(conn->ssl_extra);
+#endif
+    free(conn);          /* we don't need this anymore */
+    conn = conn_temp;
+    *in_connect = conn;
+
+    infof(data, "Re-using existing connection! (#%ld) with %s %s\n",
+          conn->connection_id,
+          conn->bits.proxy?"proxy":"host",
+          conn->socks_proxy.host.name ? conn->socks_proxy.host.dispname :
+          conn->http_proxy.host.name ? conn->http_proxy.host.dispname :
+                                       conn->host.dispname);
+  }
+  else {
+    /* We have decided that we want a new connection. However, we may not
+       be able to do that if we have reached the limit of how many
+       connections we are allowed to open. */
+
+    if(conn->handler->flags & PROTOPT_ALPN_NPN) {
+      /* The protocol wants it, so set the bits if enabled in the easy handle
+         (default) */
+      if(data->set.ssl_enable_alpn)
+        conn->bits.tls_enable_alpn = TRUE;
+      if(data->set.ssl_enable_npn)
+        conn->bits.tls_enable_npn = TRUE;
+    }
+
+    if(waitpipe)
+      /* There is a connection that *might* become usable for multiplexing
+         "soon", and we wait for that */
+      connections_available = FALSE;
+    else {
+      /* this gets a lock on the conncache */
+      const char *bundlehost;
+      struct connectbundle *bundle =
+        Curl_conncache_find_bundle(conn, data->state.conn_cache, &bundlehost);
+
+      if(max_host_connections > 0 && bundle &&
+         (bundle->num_connections >= max_host_connections)) {
+        struct connectdata *conn_candidate;
+
+        /* The bundle is full. Extract the oldest connection. */
+        conn_candidate = Curl_conncache_extract_bundle(data, bundle);
+        Curl_conncache_unlock(data);
+
+        if(conn_candidate)
+          (void)Curl_disconnect(data, conn_candidate,
+                                /* dead_connection */ FALSE);
+        else {
+          infof(data, "No more connections allowed to host %s: %zu\n",
+                bundlehost, max_host_connections);
+          connections_available = FALSE;
+        }
+      }
+      else
+        Curl_conncache_unlock(data);
+
+    }
+
+    if(connections_available &&
+       (max_total_connections > 0) &&
+       (Curl_conncache_size(data) >= max_total_connections)) {
+      struct connectdata *conn_candidate;
+
+      /* The cache is full. Let's see if we can kill a connection. */
+      conn_candidate = Curl_conncache_extract_oldest(data);
+      if(conn_candidate)
+        (void)Curl_disconnect(data, conn_candidate,
+                              /* dead_connection */ FALSE);
+      else {
+        infof(data, "No connections available in cache\n");
+        connections_available = FALSE;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if(!connections_available) {
+      infof(data, "No connections available.\n");
+
+      conn_free(conn);
+      *in_connect = NULL;
+
+      result = CURLE_NO_CONNECTION_AVAILABLE;
+      goto out;
+    }
+    else {
+      /*
+       * This is a brand new connection, so let's store it in the connection
+       * cache of ours!
+       */
+      result = Curl_conncache_add_conn(data->state.conn_cache, conn);
+      if(result)
+        goto out;
+    }
+
+#if defined(USE_NTLM)
+    /* If NTLM is requested in a part of this connection, make sure we don't
+       assume the state is fine as this is a fresh connection and NTLM is
+       connection based. */
+    if((data->state.authhost.picked & (CURLAUTH_NTLM | CURLAUTH_NTLM_WB)) &&
+       data->state.authhost.done) {
+      infof(data, "NTLM picked AND auth done set, clear picked!\n");
+      data->state.authhost.picked = CURLAUTH_NONE;
+      data->state.authhost.done = FALSE;
+    }
+
+    if((data->state.authproxy.picked & (CURLAUTH_NTLM | CURLAUTH_NTLM_WB)) &&
+       data->state.authproxy.done) {
+      infof(data, "NTLM-proxy picked AND auth done set, clear picked!\n");
+      data->state.authproxy.picked = CURLAUTH_NONE;
+      data->state.authproxy.done = FALSE;
+    }
+#endif
+  }
+
+  /* Setup and init stuff before DO starts, in preparing for the transfer. */
+  Curl_init_do(data, conn);
+
+  /*
+   * Setup whatever necessary for a resumed transfer
+   */
+  result = setup_range(data);
+  if(result)
+    goto out;
+
+  /* Continue connectdata initialization here. */
+
+  /*
+   * Inherit the proper values from the urldata struct AFTER we have arranged
+   * the persistent connection stuff
+   */
+  conn->seek_func = data->set.seek_func;
+  conn->seek_client = data->set.seek_client;
+
+  /*************************************************************
+   * Resolve the address of the server or proxy
+   *************************************************************/
+  result = resolve_server(data, conn, async);
+
+  /* Strip trailing dots. resolve_server copied the name. */
+  strip_trailing_dot(&conn->host);
+  if(conn->bits.httpproxy)
+    strip_trailing_dot(&conn->http_proxy.host);
+  if(conn->bits.socksproxy)
+    strip_trailing_dot(&conn->socks_proxy.host);
+  if(conn->bits.conn_to_host)
+    strip_trailing_dot(&conn->conn_to_host);
+
+out:
+  return result;
+}
+
+/* Curl_setup_conn() is called after the name resolve initiated in
+ * create_conn() is all done.
+ *
+ * Curl_setup_conn() also handles reused connections
+ *
+ * conn->data MUST already have been setup fine (in create_conn)
+ */
+
+CURLcode Curl_setup_conn(struct connectdata *conn,
+                         bool *protocol_done)
+{
+  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
+  struct Curl_easy *data = conn->data;
+
+  Curl_pgrsTime(data, TIMER_NAMELOOKUP);
+
+  if(conn->handler->flags & PROTOPT_NONETWORK) {
+    /* nothing to setup when not using a network */
+    *protocol_done = TRUE;
+    return result;
+  }
+  *protocol_done = FALSE; /* default to not done */
+
+  /* set proxy_connect_closed to false unconditionally already here since it
+     is used strictly to provide extra information to a parent function in the
+     case of proxy CONNECT failures and we must make sure we don't have it
+     lingering set from a previous invoke */
+  conn->bits.proxy_connect_closed = FALSE;
+
+  /*
+   * Set user-agent. Used for HTTP, but since we can attempt to tunnel
+   * basically anything through a http proxy we can't limit this based on
+   * protocol.
+   */
+  if(data->set.str[STRING_USERAGENT]) {
+    Curl_safefree(conn->allocptr.uagent);
+    conn->allocptr.uagent =
+      aprintf("User-Agent: %s\r\n", data->set.str[STRING_USERAGENT]);
+    if(!conn->allocptr.uagent)
+      return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+  }
+
+  data->req.headerbytecount = 0;
+
+#ifdef CURL_DO_LINEEND_CONV
+  data->state.crlf_conversions = 0; /* reset CRLF conversion counter */
+#endif /* CURL_DO_LINEEND_CONV */
+
+  /* set start time here for timeout purposes in the connect procedure, it
+     is later set again for the progress meter purpose */
+  conn->now = Curl_now();
+
+  if(CURL_SOCKET_BAD == conn->sock[FIRSTSOCKET]) {
+    conn->bits.tcpconnect[FIRSTSOCKET] = FALSE;
+    result = Curl_connecthost(conn, conn->dns_entry);
+    if(result)
+      return result;
+  }
+  else {
+    Curl_pgrsTime(data, TIMER_CONNECT);    /* we're connected already */
+    Curl_pgrsTime(data, TIMER_APPCONNECT); /* we're connected already */
+    conn->bits.tcpconnect[FIRSTSOCKET] = TRUE;
+    *protocol_done = TRUE;
+    Curl_updateconninfo(conn, conn->sock[FIRSTSOCKET]);
+    Curl_verboseconnect(conn);
+  }
+
+  conn->now = Curl_now(); /* time this *after* the connect is done, we set
+                             this here perhaps a second time */
+  return result;
+}
+
+CURLcode Curl_connect(struct Curl_easy *data,
+                      bool *asyncp,
+                      bool *protocol_done)
+{
+  CURLcode result;
+  struct connectdata *conn;
+
+  *asyncp = FALSE; /* assume synchronous resolves by default */
+
+  /* init the single-transfer specific data */
+  Curl_free_request_state(data);
+  memset(&data->req, 0, sizeof(struct SingleRequest));
+  data->req.maxdownload = -1;
+
+  /* call the stuff that needs to be called */
+  result = create_conn(data, &conn, asyncp);
+
+  if(!result) {
+    if(CONN_INUSE(conn))
+      /* multiplexed */
+      *protocol_done = TRUE;
+    else if(!*asyncp) {
+      /* DNS resolution is done: that's either because this is a reused
+         connection, in which case DNS was unnecessary, or because DNS
+         really did finish already (synch resolver/fast async resolve) */
+      result = Curl_setup_conn(conn, protocol_done);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(result == CURLE_NO_CONNECTION_AVAILABLE) {
+    return result;
+  }
+  else if(result && conn) {
+    /* We're not allowed to return failure with memory left allocated in the
+       connectdata struct, free those here */
+    Curl_disconnect(data, conn, TRUE);
+  }
+  else if(!result && !data->conn)
+    /* FILE: transfers already have the connection attached */
+    Curl_attach_connnection(data, conn);
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Curl_init_do() inits the readwrite session. This is inited each time (in
+ * the DO function before the protocol-specific DO functions are invoked) for
+ * a transfer, sometimes multiple times on the same Curl_easy. Make sure
+ * nothing in here depends on stuff that are setup dynamically for the
+ * transfer.
+ *
+ * Allow this function to get called with 'conn' set to NULL.
+ */
+
+CURLcode Curl_init_do(struct Curl_easy *data, struct connectdata *conn)
+{
+  struct SingleRequest *k = &data->req;
+
+  if(conn) {
+    conn->bits.do_more = FALSE; /* by default there's no curl_do_more() to
+                                   use */
+    /* if the protocol used doesn't support wildcards, switch it off */
+    if(data->state.wildcardmatch &&
+       !(conn->handler->flags & PROTOPT_WILDCARD))
+      data->state.wildcardmatch = FALSE;
+  }
+
+  data->state.done = FALSE; /* *_done() is not called yet */
+  data->state.expect100header = FALSE;
+
+
+  if(data->set.opt_no_body)
+    /* in HTTP lingo, no body means using the HEAD request... */
+    data->set.httpreq = HTTPREQ_HEAD;
+  else if(HTTPREQ_HEAD == data->set.httpreq)
+    /* ... but if unset there really is no perfect method that is the
+       "opposite" of HEAD but in reality most people probably think GET
+       then. The important thing is that we can't let it remain HEAD if the
+       opt_no_body is set FALSE since then we'll behave wrong when getting
+       HTTP. */
+    data->set.httpreq = HTTPREQ_GET;
+
+  k->start = Curl_now(); /* start time */
+  k->now = k->start;   /* current time is now */
+  k->header = TRUE; /* assume header */
+
+  k->bytecount = 0;
+
+  k->buf = data->state.buffer;
+  k->hbufp = data->state.headerbuff;
+  k->ignorebody = FALSE;
+
+  Curl_speedinit(data);
+
+  Curl_pgrsSetUploadCounter(data, 0);
+  Curl_pgrsSetDownloadCounter(data, 0);
+
+  return CURLE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+* get_protocol_family()
+*
+* This is used to return the protocol family for a given protocol.
+*
+* Parameters:
+*
+* protocol  [in]  - A single bit protocol identifier such as HTTP or HTTPS.
+*
+* Returns the family as a single bit protocol identifier.
+*/
+
+static unsigned int get_protocol_family(unsigned int protocol)
+{
+  unsigned int family;
+
+  switch(protocol) {
+  case CURLPROTO_HTTP:
+  case CURLPROTO_HTTPS:
+    family = CURLPROTO_HTTP;
+    break;
+
+  case CURLPROTO_FTP:
+  case CURLPROTO_FTPS:
+    family = CURLPROTO_FTP;
+    break;
+
+  case CURLPROTO_SCP:
+    family = CURLPROTO_SCP;
+    break;
+
+  case CURLPROTO_SFTP:
+    family = CURLPROTO_SFTP;
+    break;
+
+  case CURLPROTO_TELNET:
+    family = CURLPROTO_TELNET;
+    break;
+
+  case CURLPROTO_LDAP:
+  case CURLPROTO_LDAPS:
+    family = CURLPROTO_LDAP;
+    break;
+
+  case CURLPROTO_DICT:
+    family = CURLPROTO_DICT;
+    break;
+
+  case CURLPROTO_FILE:
+    family = CURLPROTO_FILE;
+    break;
+
+  case CURLPROTO_TFTP:
+    family = CURLPROTO_TFTP;
+    break;
+
+  case CURLPROTO_IMAP:
+  case CURLPROTO_IMAPS:
+    family = CURLPROTO_IMAP;
+    break;
+
+  case CURLPROTO_POP3:
+  case CURLPROTO_POP3S:
+    family = CURLPROTO_POP3;
+    break;
+
+  case CURLPROTO_SMTP:
+  case CURLPROTO_SMTPS:
+      family = CURLPROTO_SMTP;
+      break;
+
+  case CURLPROTO_RTSP:
+    family = CURLPROTO_RTSP;
+    break;
+
+  case CURLPROTO_RTMP:
+  case CURLPROTO_RTMPS:
+    family = CURLPROTO_RTMP;
+    break;
+
+  case CURLPROTO_RTMPT:
+  case CURLPROTO_RTMPTS:
+    family = CURLPROTO_RTMPT;
+    break;
+
+  case CURLPROTO_RTMPE:
+    family = CURLPROTO_RTMPE;
+    break;
+
+  case CURLPROTO_RTMPTE:
+    family = CURLPROTO_RTMPTE;
+    break;
+
+  case CURLPROTO_GOPHER:
+    family = CURLPROTO_GOPHER;
+    break;
+
+  case CURLPROTO_SMB:
+  case CURLPROTO_SMBS:
+    family = CURLPROTO_SMB;
+    break;
+
+  default:
+      family = 0;
+      break;
+  }
+
+  return family;
+}