--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/mupdf-source/source/pdf/pdf-device.c	Mon Sep 15 11:43:07 2025 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,1295 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2004-2025 Artifex Software, Inc.
+//
+// This file is part of MuPDF.
+//
+// MuPDF is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+// terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free
+// Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option)
+// any later version.
+//
+// MuPDF is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
+// FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Affero General Public License for more
+// details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+// along with MuPDF. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0.en.html>
+//
+// Alternative licensing terms are available from the licensor.
+// For commercial licensing, see <https://www.artifex.com/> or contact
+// Artifex Software, Inc., 39 Mesa Street, Suite 108A, San Francisco,
+// CA 94129, USA, for further information.
+
+#include "mupdf/fitz.h"
+#include "mupdf/pdf.h"
+
+#include <ft2build.h>
+#include FT_FREETYPE_H
+#include FT_ADVANCES_H
+
+#define ALLOWED_TEXT_POS_ERROR (0.001f)
+
+#define ENC_IDENTITY 0
+#define ENC_UNICODE 1
+
+typedef struct pdf_device pdf_device;
+
+typedef struct
+{
+	/* The first few entries aren't really graphics state things, but
+	 * they are recorded here as they are fundamentally intertwined with
+	 * the push/pulling of the gstates. */
+	fz_buffer *buf;
+	void (*on_pop)(fz_context*,pdf_device*,void *);
+	void *on_pop_arg;
+
+	/* The graphics state proper */
+	fz_matrix ctm;
+	fz_colorspace *colorspace[2];
+	float color[2][4];
+	float alpha[2];
+	fz_stroke_state *stroke_state;
+	int font;
+	float font_size;
+	int text_rendering_mode;
+	int knockout;
+} gstate;
+
+/* The image digest information, object reference, as well as indirect reference
+ * ID are all stored in doc->resources->image, and so they are maintained
+ * through the life of the document not just this page level device. As we
+ * encounter images on a page, we will add to the hash table if they are not
+ * already present.  When we have an image on a particular page, the resource
+ * dict will be updated with the proper indirect reference across the document.
+ * We do need to maintain some information as to what image resources we have
+ * already specified for this page which is the purpose of image_indices
+ */
+
+typedef struct
+{
+	float alpha;
+	int stroke;
+} alpha_entry;
+
+typedef struct
+{
+	int alpha;
+	int isolated;
+	int knockout;
+	fz_colorspace *colorspace;
+	pdf_obj *ref;
+} group_entry;
+
+struct pdf_device
+{
+	fz_device super;
+
+	pdf_document *doc;
+	pdf_obj *resources;
+
+	int in_text;
+
+	int num_forms;
+	int num_smasks;
+
+	int num_gstates;
+	int max_gstates;
+	gstate *gstates;
+
+	int num_imgs;
+	int max_imgs;
+	int *image_indices;
+
+	int num_cid_fonts;
+	int max_cid_fonts;
+	fz_font **cid_fonts;
+	int *cid_fonts_enc;
+
+	int num_alphas;
+	int max_alphas;
+	alpha_entry *alphas;
+
+	int num_groups;
+	int max_groups;
+	group_entry *groups;
+};
+
+#define CURRENT_GSTATE(pdev) (&(pdev)->gstates[(pdev)->num_gstates-1])
+
+/* Helper functions */
+static void
+pdf_dev_stroke_state(fz_context *ctx, pdf_device *pdev, const fz_stroke_state *stroke_state)
+{
+	gstate *gs = CURRENT_GSTATE(pdev);
+
+	if (stroke_state == gs->stroke_state)
+		return;
+	if (gs->stroke_state && !memcmp(stroke_state, gs->stroke_state, sizeof(*stroke_state)))
+		return;
+	if (!gs->stroke_state || gs->stroke_state->linewidth != stroke_state->linewidth)
+	{
+		fz_append_printf(ctx, gs->buf, "%g w\n", stroke_state->linewidth);
+	}
+	if (!gs->stroke_state || gs->stroke_state->start_cap != stroke_state->start_cap)
+	{
+		int cap = stroke_state->start_cap;
+		/* FIXME: Triangle caps aren't supported in pdf */
+		if (cap == FZ_LINECAP_TRIANGLE)
+			cap = FZ_LINECAP_BUTT;
+		fz_append_printf(ctx, gs->buf, "%d J\n", cap);
+	}
+	if (!gs->stroke_state || gs->stroke_state->linejoin != stroke_state->linejoin)
+	{
+		int join = stroke_state->linejoin;
+		if (join == FZ_LINEJOIN_MITER_XPS)
+			join = FZ_LINEJOIN_MITER;
+		fz_append_printf(ctx, gs->buf, "%d j\n", join);
+	}
+	if (!gs->stroke_state || gs->stroke_state->miterlimit != stroke_state->miterlimit)
+	{
+		fz_append_printf(ctx, gs->buf, "%g M\n", stroke_state->miterlimit);
+	}
+	if (gs->stroke_state == NULL && stroke_state->dash_len == 0)
+	{
+		/* No stroke details. */
+	}
+	else if (!gs->stroke_state || gs->stroke_state->dash_phase != stroke_state->dash_phase || gs->stroke_state->dash_len != stroke_state->dash_len ||
+		memcmp(gs->stroke_state->dash_list, stroke_state->dash_list, sizeof(float)*stroke_state->dash_len))
+	{
+		int i;
+		fz_append_byte(ctx, gs->buf, '[');
+		for (i = 0; i < stroke_state->dash_len; i++)
+		{
+			if (i > 0)
+				fz_append_byte(ctx, gs->buf, ' ');
+			fz_append_printf(ctx, gs->buf, "%g", stroke_state->dash_list[i]);
+		}
+		fz_append_printf(ctx, gs->buf, "]%g d\n", stroke_state->dash_phase);
+	}
+	fz_drop_stroke_state(ctx, gs->stroke_state);
+	gs->stroke_state = fz_keep_stroke_state(ctx, stroke_state);
+}
+
+typedef struct
+{
+	fz_context *ctx;
+	fz_buffer *buf;
+} pdf_dev_path_arg;
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_path_moveto(fz_context *ctx, void *arg, float x, float y)
+{
+	fz_buffer *buf = (fz_buffer *)arg;
+	fz_append_printf(ctx, buf, "%g %g m\n", x, y);
+}
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_path_lineto(fz_context *ctx, void *arg, float x, float y)
+{
+	fz_buffer *buf = (fz_buffer *)arg;
+	fz_append_printf(ctx, buf, "%g %g l\n", x, y);
+}
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_path_curveto(fz_context *ctx, void *arg, float x1, float y1, float x2, float y2, float x3, float y3)
+{
+	fz_buffer *buf = (fz_buffer *)arg;
+	fz_append_printf(ctx, buf, "%g %g %g %g %g %g c\n", x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3);
+}
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_path_close(fz_context *ctx, void *arg)
+{
+	fz_buffer *buf = (fz_buffer *)arg;
+	fz_append_string(ctx, buf, "h\n");
+}
+
+static const fz_path_walker pdf_dev_path_proc =
+{
+	pdf_dev_path_moveto,
+	pdf_dev_path_lineto,
+	pdf_dev_path_curveto,
+	pdf_dev_path_close
+};
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_path(fz_context *ctx, pdf_device *pdev, const fz_path *path)
+{
+	gstate *gs = CURRENT_GSTATE(pdev);
+	fz_rect bounds;
+
+	if (fz_path_is_rect_with_bounds(ctx, path, fz_identity, &bounds))
+	{
+		fz_append_printf(ctx, gs->buf, "%g %g %g %g re\n", bounds.x0, bounds.y0, bounds.x1-bounds.x0, bounds.y1-bounds.y0);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	fz_walk_path(ctx, path, &pdf_dev_path_proc, (void *)gs->buf);
+}
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_ctm(fz_context *ctx, pdf_device *pdev, fz_matrix ctm)
+{
+	fz_matrix inverse;
+	gstate *gs = CURRENT_GSTATE(pdev);
+
+	if (memcmp(&gs->ctm, &ctm, sizeof(ctm)) == 0)
+		return;
+	inverse = fz_invert_matrix(gs->ctm);
+	inverse = fz_concat(ctm, inverse);
+	gs->ctm = ctm;
+	fz_append_printf(ctx, gs->buf, "%M cm\n", &inverse);
+}
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_color(fz_context *ctx, pdf_device *pdev, fz_colorspace *colorspace, const float *color, int stroke, fz_color_params color_params)
+{
+	int diff = 0;
+	int i;
+	int cspace = 0;
+	float rgb[FZ_MAX_COLORS];
+	gstate *gs = CURRENT_GSTATE(pdev);
+
+	if (colorspace == fz_device_gray(ctx))
+		cspace = 1;
+	else if (colorspace == fz_device_rgb(ctx))
+		cspace = 3;
+	else if (colorspace == fz_device_cmyk(ctx))
+		cspace = 4;
+
+	if (cspace == 0)
+	{
+		/* If it's an unknown colorspace, fallback to rgb */
+		fz_convert_color(ctx, colorspace, color, fz_device_rgb(ctx), rgb, NULL, color_params);
+		color = rgb;
+		colorspace = fz_device_rgb(ctx);
+		cspace = 3;
+	}
+
+	if (gs->colorspace[stroke] != colorspace)
+	{
+		gs->colorspace[stroke] = colorspace;
+		diff = 1;
+	}
+
+	for (i=0; i < cspace; i++)
+		if (gs->color[stroke][i] != color[i])
+		{
+			gs->color[stroke][i] = color[i];
+			diff = 1;
+		}
+
+	if (diff == 0)
+		return;
+
+	switch (cspace + stroke*8)
+	{
+		case 1:
+			fz_append_printf(ctx, gs->buf, "%g g\n", color[0]);
+			break;
+		case 3:
+			fz_append_printf(ctx, gs->buf, "%g %g %g rg\n", color[0], color[1], color[2]);
+			break;
+		case 4:
+			fz_append_printf(ctx, gs->buf, "%g %g %g %g k\n", color[0], color[1], color[2], color[3]);
+			break;
+		case 1+8:
+			fz_append_printf(ctx, gs->buf, "%g G\n", color[0]);
+			break;
+		case 3+8:
+			fz_append_printf(ctx, gs->buf, "%g %g %g RG\n", color[0], color[1], color[2]);
+			break;
+		case 4+8:
+			fz_append_printf(ctx, gs->buf, "%g %g %g %g K\n", color[0], color[1], color[2], color[3]);
+			break;
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_alpha(fz_context *ctx, pdf_device *pdev, float alpha, int stroke)
+{
+	int i;
+	pdf_document *doc = pdev->doc;
+	gstate *gs = CURRENT_GSTATE(pdev);
+
+	/* If the alpha is unchanged, nothing to do */
+	if (gs->alpha[stroke] == alpha)
+		return;
+
+	gs->alpha[stroke] = alpha;
+
+	/* Have we sent such an alpha before? */
+	for (i = 0; i < pdev->num_alphas; i++)
+		if (pdev->alphas[i].alpha == alpha && pdev->alphas[i].stroke == stroke)
+			break;
+
+	if (i == pdev->num_alphas)
+	{
+		pdf_obj *o, *ref;
+
+		/* No. Need to make a new one */
+		if (pdev->num_alphas == pdev->max_alphas)
+		{
+			int newmax = pdev->max_alphas * 2;
+			if (newmax == 0)
+				newmax = 4;
+			pdev->alphas = fz_realloc_array(ctx, pdev->alphas, newmax, alpha_entry);
+			pdev->max_alphas = newmax;
+		}
+		pdev->alphas[i].alpha = alpha;
+		pdev->alphas[i].stroke = stroke;
+
+		o = pdf_new_dict(ctx, doc, 1);
+		fz_try(ctx)
+		{
+			char text[32];
+			pdf_dict_put_real(ctx, o, (stroke ? PDF_NAME(CA) : PDF_NAME(ca)), alpha);
+			fz_snprintf(text, sizeof(text), "ExtGState/Alp%d", i);
+			ref = pdf_add_object(ctx, doc, o);
+			pdf_dict_putp_drop(ctx, pdev->resources, text, ref);
+		}
+		fz_always(ctx)
+		{
+			pdf_drop_obj(ctx, o);
+		}
+		fz_catch(ctx)
+		{
+			fz_rethrow(ctx);
+		}
+		pdev->num_alphas++;
+	}
+	fz_append_printf(ctx, gs->buf, "/Alp%d gs\n", i);
+}
+
+static int
+pdf_dev_find_font_res(fz_context *ctx, pdf_device *pdev, fz_font *font)
+{
+	int k;
+
+	/* Check if we already had this one */
+	for (k = 0; k < pdev->num_cid_fonts; k++)
+		if (pdev->cid_fonts[k] == font)
+			return k;
+
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static int
+pdf_dev_add_font_res_imp(fz_context *ctx, pdf_device *pdev, fz_font *font, pdf_obj *fres, int enc)
+{
+	char text[32];
+	int num;
+
+	/* Not there so add to resources */
+	fz_snprintf(text, sizeof(text), "Font/F%d", pdev->num_cid_fonts);
+	pdf_dict_putp_drop(ctx, pdev->resources, text, fres);
+
+	/* And add index to our list for this page */
+	if (pdev->num_cid_fonts == pdev->max_cid_fonts)
+	{
+		int newmax = pdev->max_cid_fonts * 2;
+		if (newmax == 0)
+			newmax = 4;
+		pdev->cid_fonts = fz_realloc_array(ctx, pdev->cid_fonts, newmax, fz_font*);
+		pdev->cid_fonts_enc = fz_realloc_array(ctx, pdev->cid_fonts_enc, newmax, int);
+		pdev->max_cid_fonts = newmax;
+	}
+	num = pdev->num_cid_fonts++;
+	pdev->cid_fonts[num] = fz_keep_font(ctx, font);
+	pdev->cid_fonts_enc[num] = enc;
+	return num;
+}
+
+static int
+pdf_dev_add_substitute_font_res(fz_context *ctx, pdf_device *pdev, fz_font *font)
+{
+	pdf_obj *fres;
+	int k;
+
+	/* Check if we already had this one */
+	k = pdf_dev_find_font_res(ctx, pdev, font);
+	if (k >= 0)
+		return k;
+
+	/* This will add it to the xref if needed */
+	if (font->flags.cjk)
+		fres = pdf_add_cjk_font(ctx, pdev->doc, font, font->flags.cjk_lang, 0, font->flags.is_serif);
+	else
+		fres = pdf_add_substitute_font(ctx, pdev->doc, font);
+
+	/* And add to the resource dictionary. */
+	return pdf_dev_add_font_res_imp(ctx, pdev, font, fres, ENC_UNICODE);
+}
+
+static int
+pdf_dev_add_embedded_font_res(fz_context *ctx, pdf_device *pdev, fz_font *font)
+{
+	pdf_obj *fres;
+	int k;
+
+	/* Check if we already had this one */
+	k = pdf_dev_find_font_res(ctx, pdev, font);
+	if (k >= 0)
+		return k;
+
+	/* This will add it to the xref if needed */
+	fres = pdf_add_cid_font(ctx, pdev->doc, font);
+
+	/* And add to the resource dictionary. */
+	return pdf_dev_add_font_res_imp(ctx, pdev, font, fres, ENC_IDENTITY);
+}
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_font(fz_context *ctx, pdf_device *pdev, fz_font *font, fz_matrix trm)
+{
+	gstate *gs = CURRENT_GSTATE(pdev);
+	float font_size = fz_matrix_expansion(trm);
+
+	/* If the font is unchanged, nothing to do */
+	if (gs->font >= 0 && pdev->cid_fonts[gs->font] == font && gs->font_size == font_size)
+		return;
+
+	// TODO: vertical wmode
+
+	if (fz_font_t3_procs(ctx, font))
+		fz_throw(ctx, FZ_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED, "pdf device does not support type 3 fonts");
+
+	if (fz_font_flags(font)->ft_substitute || !pdf_font_writing_supported(ctx, font))
+		gs->font = pdf_dev_add_substitute_font_res(ctx, pdev, font);
+	else
+		gs->font = pdf_dev_add_embedded_font_res(ctx, pdev, font);
+
+	gs->font_size = font_size;
+
+	fz_append_printf(ctx, gs->buf, "/F%d %g Tf\n", gs->font, gs->font_size);
+}
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_push_new_buf(fz_context *ctx, pdf_device *pdev, fz_buffer *buf, void (*on_pop)(fz_context*,pdf_device*,void*), void *on_pop_arg)
+{
+	if (pdev->num_gstates == pdev->max_gstates)
+	{
+		int newmax = pdev->max_gstates*2;
+		pdev->gstates = fz_realloc_array(ctx, pdev->gstates, newmax, gstate);
+		pdev->max_gstates = newmax;
+	}
+	memcpy(&pdev->gstates[pdev->num_gstates], &pdev->gstates[pdev->num_gstates-1], sizeof(*pdev->gstates));
+	fz_keep_stroke_state(ctx, pdev->gstates[pdev->num_gstates].stroke_state);
+	if (buf)
+		pdev->gstates[pdev->num_gstates].buf = buf;
+	else
+		fz_keep_buffer(ctx, pdev->gstates[pdev->num_gstates].buf);
+	pdev->gstates[pdev->num_gstates].on_pop = on_pop;
+	pdev->gstates[pdev->num_gstates].on_pop_arg = on_pop_arg;
+	fz_append_string(ctx, pdev->gstates[pdev->num_gstates].buf, "q\n");
+	pdev->num_gstates++;
+}
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_push(fz_context *ctx, pdf_device *pdev)
+{
+	pdf_dev_push_new_buf(ctx, pdev, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+}
+
+static void *
+pdf_dev_pop(fz_context *ctx, pdf_device *pdev)
+{
+	gstate *gs = CURRENT_GSTATE(pdev);
+	void *arg = gs->on_pop_arg;
+
+	fz_append_string(ctx, gs->buf, "Q\n");
+	if (gs->on_pop)
+		gs->on_pop(ctx, pdev, arg);
+	pdev->num_gstates--;
+	fz_drop_stroke_state(ctx, pdev->gstates[pdev->num_gstates].stroke_state);
+	fz_drop_buffer(ctx, pdev->gstates[pdev->num_gstates].buf);
+	return arg;
+}
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_text_span(fz_context *ctx, pdf_device *pdev, fz_text_span *span)
+{
+	gstate *gs = CURRENT_GSTATE(pdev);
+	fz_matrix trm, tm, tlm, inv_trm, inv_tm;
+	fz_matrix inv_tfs;
+	fz_point d;
+	float adv;
+	int enc;
+	int dx, dy;
+	int i;
+
+	if (span->len == 0)
+		return;
+
+	inv_tfs = fz_scale(1 / gs->font_size, 1 / gs->font_size);
+
+	trm = span->trm;
+	trm.e = span->items[0].x;
+	trm.f = span->items[0].y;
+
+	tm = fz_concat(inv_tfs, trm);
+	tlm = tm;
+
+	inv_tm = fz_invert_matrix(tm);
+	inv_trm = fz_invert_matrix(trm);
+
+	enc = pdev->cid_fonts_enc[gs->font];
+
+	fz_append_printf(ctx, gs->buf, "%M Tm\n[<", &tm);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < span->len; ++i)
+	{
+		fz_text_item *it = &span->items[i];
+		if (enc == ENC_IDENTITY && it->gid < 0)
+			continue;
+		if (enc == ENC_UNICODE && it->ucs < 0)
+			continue;
+
+		/* transform difference from expected pen position into font units. */
+		d.x = it->x - trm.e;
+		d.y = it->y - trm.f;
+		d = fz_transform_vector(d, inv_trm);
+		dx = (int)(d.x * 1000 + (d.x < 0 ? -0.5f : 0.5f));
+		dy = (int)(d.y * 1000 + (d.y < 0 ? -0.5f : 0.5f));
+
+		trm.e = it->x;
+		trm.f = it->y;
+
+		if (dx != 0 || dy != 0)
+		{
+			if (span->wmode == 0 && dy == 0)
+				fz_append_printf(ctx, gs->buf, ">%d<", -dx);
+			else if (span->wmode == 1 && dx == 0)
+				fz_append_printf(ctx, gs->buf, ">%d<", -dy);
+			else
+			{
+				/* Calculate offset from start of the previous line */
+				tm = fz_concat(inv_tfs, trm);
+				d.x = tm.e - tlm.e;
+				d.y = tm.f - tlm.f;
+				d = fz_transform_vector(d, inv_tm);
+				fz_append_printf(ctx, gs->buf, ">]TJ\n%g %g Td\n[<", d.x, d.y);
+				tlm = tm;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (fz_font_t3_procs(ctx, span->font))
+			fz_append_printf(ctx, gs->buf, "%02x", it->gid);
+		else if (enc == ENC_IDENTITY)
+			fz_append_printf(ctx, gs->buf, "%04x", it->gid);
+		else if (enc == ENC_UNICODE)
+			fz_append_printf(ctx, gs->buf, "%04x", it->ucs);
+
+		if (it->gid != -1)
+		{
+			adv = fz_advance_glyph(ctx, span->font, it->gid, span->wmode);
+			if (span->wmode == 0)
+				trm = fz_pre_translate(trm, adv, 0);
+			else
+				trm = fz_pre_translate(trm, 0, adv);
+		}
+	}
+
+	fz_append_string(ctx, gs->buf, ">]TJ\n");
+}
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_trm(fz_context *ctx, pdf_device *pdev, int trm)
+{
+	gstate *gs = CURRENT_GSTATE(pdev);
+
+	if (gs->text_rendering_mode == trm)
+		return;
+	gs->text_rendering_mode = trm;
+	fz_append_printf(ctx, gs->buf, "%d Tr\n", trm);
+}
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_begin_text(fz_context *ctx, pdf_device *pdev, int trm)
+{
+	pdf_dev_trm(ctx, pdev, trm);
+	if (!pdev->in_text)
+	{
+		gstate *gs = CURRENT_GSTATE(pdev);
+		fz_append_string(ctx, gs->buf, "BT\n");
+		pdev->in_text = 1;
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_end_text(fz_context *ctx, pdf_device *pdev)
+{
+	gstate *gs = CURRENT_GSTATE(pdev);
+
+	if (!pdev->in_text)
+		return;
+	pdev->in_text = 0;
+	fz_append_string(ctx, gs->buf, "ET\n");
+}
+
+static int
+pdf_dev_new_form(fz_context *ctx, pdf_obj **form_ref, pdf_device *pdev, fz_rect bbox, int isolated, int knockout, float alpha, fz_colorspace *colorspace)
+{
+	pdf_document *doc = pdev->doc;
+	int num;
+	pdf_obj *group_ref = NULL;
+	pdf_obj *group;
+	pdf_obj *form;
+
+	*form_ref = NULL;
+
+	/* Find (or make) a new group with the required options. */
+	for(num = 0; num < pdev->num_groups; num++)
+	{
+		group_entry *g = &pdev->groups[num];
+		if (g->isolated == isolated && g->knockout == knockout && g->alpha == alpha && g->colorspace == colorspace)
+		{
+			group_ref = pdev->groups[num].ref;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* If we didn't find one, make one */
+	if (num == pdev->num_groups)
+	{
+		if (pdev->num_groups == pdev->max_groups)
+		{
+			int newmax = pdev->max_groups * 2;
+			if (newmax == 0)
+				newmax = 4;
+			pdev->groups = fz_realloc_array(ctx, pdev->groups, newmax, group_entry);
+			pdev->max_groups = newmax;
+		}
+		pdev->num_groups++;
+		pdev->groups[num].isolated = isolated;
+		pdev->groups[num].knockout = knockout;
+		pdev->groups[num].alpha = alpha;
+		pdev->groups[num].colorspace = fz_keep_colorspace(ctx, colorspace);
+		pdev->groups[num].ref = NULL;
+		group = pdf_new_dict(ctx, doc, 5);
+		fz_try(ctx)
+		{
+			pdf_dict_put(ctx, group, PDF_NAME(Type), PDF_NAME(Group));
+			pdf_dict_put(ctx, group, PDF_NAME(S), PDF_NAME(Transparency));
+			pdf_dict_put_bool(ctx, group, PDF_NAME(K), knockout);
+			pdf_dict_put_bool(ctx, group, PDF_NAME(I), isolated);
+			switch (fz_colorspace_type(ctx, colorspace))
+			{
+			case FZ_COLORSPACE_GRAY:
+				pdf_dict_put(ctx, group, PDF_NAME(CS), PDF_NAME(DeviceGray));
+				break;
+			case FZ_COLORSPACE_RGB:
+				pdf_dict_put(ctx, group, PDF_NAME(CS), PDF_NAME(DeviceRGB));
+				break;
+			case FZ_COLORSPACE_CMYK:
+				pdf_dict_put(ctx, group, PDF_NAME(CS), PDF_NAME(DeviceCMYK));
+				break;
+			default:
+				break;
+			}
+			group_ref = pdev->groups[num].ref = pdf_add_object(ctx, doc, group);
+		}
+		fz_always(ctx)
+		{
+			pdf_drop_obj(ctx, group);
+		}
+		fz_catch(ctx)
+		{
+			fz_rethrow(ctx);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Make us a new Forms object that points to that group, and change
+	 * to writing into the buffer for that Forms object. */
+	form = pdf_new_dict(ctx, doc, 4);
+	fz_try(ctx)
+	{
+		pdf_dict_put(ctx, form, PDF_NAME(Subtype), PDF_NAME(Form));
+		pdf_dict_put(ctx, form, PDF_NAME(Group), group_ref);
+		pdf_dict_put_int(ctx, form, PDF_NAME(FormType), 1);
+		pdf_dict_put_rect(ctx, form, PDF_NAME(BBox), bbox);
+		*form_ref = pdf_add_object(ctx, doc, form);
+	}
+	fz_always(ctx)
+	{
+		pdf_drop_obj(ctx, form);
+	}
+	fz_catch(ctx)
+	{
+		fz_rethrow(ctx);
+	}
+
+	/* Insert the new form object into the resources */
+	{
+		char text[32];
+		num = pdev->num_forms++;
+		fz_snprintf(text, sizeof(text), "XObject/Fm%d", num);
+		pdf_dict_putp(ctx, pdev->resources, text, *form_ref);
+	}
+
+	return num;
+}
+
+/* Entry points */
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_fill_path(fz_context *ctx, fz_device *dev, const fz_path *path, int even_odd, fz_matrix ctm,
+	fz_colorspace *colorspace, const float *color, float alpha, fz_color_params color_params)
+{
+	pdf_device *pdev = (pdf_device*)dev;
+	gstate *gs = CURRENT_GSTATE(pdev);
+
+	pdf_dev_end_text(ctx, pdev);
+	pdf_dev_alpha(ctx, pdev, alpha, 0);
+	pdf_dev_color(ctx, pdev, colorspace, color, 0, color_params);
+	pdf_dev_ctm(ctx, pdev, ctm);
+	pdf_dev_path(ctx, pdev, path);
+	fz_append_string(ctx, gs->buf, (even_odd ? "f*\n" : "f\n"));
+}
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_stroke_path(fz_context *ctx, fz_device *dev, const fz_path *path, const fz_stroke_state *stroke, fz_matrix ctm,
+	fz_colorspace *colorspace, const float *color, float alpha, fz_color_params color_params)
+{
+	pdf_device *pdev = (pdf_device*)dev;
+	gstate *gs = CURRENT_GSTATE(pdev);
+
+	pdf_dev_end_text(ctx, pdev);
+	pdf_dev_alpha(ctx, pdev, alpha, 1);
+	pdf_dev_color(ctx, pdev, colorspace, color, 1, color_params);
+	pdf_dev_ctm(ctx, pdev, ctm);
+	pdf_dev_stroke_state(ctx, pdev, stroke);
+	pdf_dev_path(ctx, pdev, path);
+	fz_append_string(ctx, gs->buf, "S\n");
+}
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_clip_path(fz_context *ctx, fz_device *dev, const fz_path *path, int even_odd, fz_matrix ctm, fz_rect scissor)
+{
+	pdf_device *pdev = (pdf_device*)dev;
+	gstate *gs;
+
+	pdf_dev_end_text(ctx, pdev);
+	pdf_dev_push(ctx, pdev);
+	pdf_dev_ctm(ctx, pdev, ctm);
+	pdf_dev_path(ctx, pdev, path);
+	gs = CURRENT_GSTATE(pdev);
+	fz_append_string(ctx, gs->buf, (even_odd ? "W* n\n" : "W n\n"));
+}
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_clip_stroke_path(fz_context *ctx, fz_device *dev, const fz_path *path, const fz_stroke_state *stroke, fz_matrix ctm, fz_rect scissor)
+{
+	pdf_device *pdev = (pdf_device*)dev;
+	gstate *gs;
+
+	pdf_dev_end_text(ctx, pdev);
+	pdf_dev_push(ctx, pdev);
+	/* FIXME: Need to push a group, select a pattern (or shading) here,
+	 * stroke with the pattern/shading. Then move to defining that pattern
+	 * with the next calls to the device interface until the next pop
+	 * when we pop the group. */
+	pdf_dev_ctm(ctx, pdev, ctm);
+	pdf_dev_path(ctx, pdev, path);
+	gs = CURRENT_GSTATE(pdev);
+	fz_append_string(ctx, gs->buf, "W n\n");
+}
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_fill_text(fz_context *ctx, fz_device *dev, const fz_text *text, fz_matrix ctm,
+		fz_colorspace *colorspace, const float *color, float alpha, fz_color_params color_params)
+{
+	pdf_device *pdev = (pdf_device*)dev;
+	fz_text_span *span;
+
+	pdf_dev_ctm(ctx, pdev, ctm);
+	pdf_dev_alpha(ctx, pdev, alpha, 0);
+	pdf_dev_color(ctx, pdev, colorspace, color, 0, color_params);
+
+	for (span = text->head; span; span = span->next)
+	{
+		pdf_dev_begin_text(ctx, pdev, 0);
+		pdf_dev_font(ctx, pdev, span->font, span->trm);
+		pdf_dev_text_span(ctx, pdev, span);
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_stroke_text(fz_context *ctx, fz_device *dev, const fz_text *text, const fz_stroke_state *stroke, fz_matrix ctm,
+		fz_colorspace *colorspace, const float *color, float alpha, fz_color_params color_params)
+{
+	pdf_device *pdev = (pdf_device*)dev;
+	fz_text_span *span;
+
+	pdf_dev_ctm(ctx, pdev, ctm);
+	pdf_dev_alpha(ctx, pdev, alpha, 1);
+	pdf_dev_color(ctx, pdev, colorspace, color, 1, color_params);
+	pdf_dev_stroke_state(ctx, pdev, stroke);
+
+	for (span = text->head; span; span = span->next)
+	{
+		pdf_dev_begin_text(ctx, pdev, 1);
+		pdf_dev_font(ctx, pdev, span->font, span->trm);
+		pdf_dev_text_span(ctx, pdev, span);
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_clip_text(fz_context *ctx, fz_device *dev, const fz_text *text, fz_matrix ctm, fz_rect scissor)
+{
+	pdf_device *pdev = (pdf_device*)dev;
+	fz_text_span *span;
+
+	pdf_dev_end_text(ctx, pdev);
+	pdf_dev_push(ctx, pdev);
+
+	pdf_dev_ctm(ctx, pdev, ctm);
+
+	for (span = text->head; span; span = span->next)
+	{
+		pdf_dev_begin_text(ctx, pdev, 7);
+		pdf_dev_font(ctx, pdev, span->font, span->trm);
+		pdf_dev_text_span(ctx, pdev, span);
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_clip_stroke_text(fz_context *ctx, fz_device *dev, const fz_text *text, const fz_stroke_state *stroke, fz_matrix ctm, fz_rect scissor)
+{
+	pdf_device *pdev = (pdf_device*)dev;
+	fz_text_span *span;
+
+	pdf_dev_end_text(ctx, pdev);
+	pdf_dev_push(ctx, pdev);
+
+	pdf_dev_ctm(ctx, pdev, ctm);
+
+	for (span = text->head; span; span = span->next)
+	{
+		pdf_dev_begin_text(ctx, pdev, 7);
+		pdf_dev_font(ctx, pdev, span->font, span->trm);
+		pdf_dev_text_span(ctx, pdev, span);
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_ignore_text(fz_context *ctx, fz_device *dev, const fz_text *text, fz_matrix ctm)
+{
+	pdf_device *pdev = (pdf_device*)dev;
+	fz_text_span *span;
+
+	pdf_dev_ctm(ctx, pdev, ctm);
+
+	for (span = text->head; span; span = span->next)
+	{
+		pdf_dev_begin_text(ctx, pdev, 0);
+		pdf_dev_font(ctx, pdev, span->font, span->trm);
+		pdf_dev_text_span(ctx, pdev, span);
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_add_image_res(fz_context *ctx, fz_device *dev, pdf_obj *im_res)
+{
+	char text[32];
+	pdf_device *pdev = (pdf_device*)dev;
+	int k;
+	int num;
+
+	/* Check if we already had this one */
+	for (k = 0; k < pdev->num_imgs; k++)
+	{
+		if (pdev->image_indices[k] == pdf_to_num(ctx, im_res))
+			return;
+	}
+
+	/* Not there so add to resources */
+	fz_snprintf(text, sizeof(text), "XObject/Img%d", pdf_to_num(ctx, im_res));
+	pdf_dict_putp(ctx, pdev->resources, text, im_res);
+
+	/* And add index to our list for this page */
+	if (pdev->num_imgs == pdev->max_imgs)
+	{
+		int newmax = pdev->max_imgs * 2;
+		if (newmax == 0)
+			newmax = 4;
+		pdev->image_indices = fz_realloc_array(ctx, pdev->image_indices, newmax, int);
+		pdev->max_imgs = newmax;
+	}
+	num = pdev->num_imgs++;
+	pdev->image_indices[num] = pdf_to_num(ctx, im_res);
+}
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_fill_image(fz_context *ctx, fz_device *dev, fz_image *image, fz_matrix ctm, float alpha, fz_color_params color_params)
+{
+	pdf_device *pdev = (pdf_device*)dev;
+	pdf_obj *im_res;
+	gstate *gs = CURRENT_GSTATE(pdev);
+
+	pdf_dev_end_text(ctx, pdev);
+	im_res = pdf_add_image(ctx, pdev->doc, image);
+	if (im_res == NULL)
+	{
+		fz_warn(ctx, "pdf_add_image: problem adding image resource");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	fz_try(ctx)
+	{
+		pdf_dev_alpha(ctx, pdev, alpha, 0);
+
+		/* PDF images are upside down, so fiddle the ctm */
+		ctm = fz_pre_scale(ctm, 1, -1);
+		ctm = fz_pre_translate(ctm, 0, -1);
+		pdf_dev_ctm(ctx, pdev, ctm);
+		fz_append_printf(ctx, gs->buf, "/Img%d Do\n", pdf_to_num(ctx, im_res));
+
+		/* Possibly add to page resources */
+		pdf_dev_add_image_res(ctx, dev, im_res);
+	}
+	fz_always(ctx)
+		pdf_drop_obj(ctx, im_res);
+	fz_catch(ctx)
+		fz_rethrow(ctx);
+}
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_fill_shade(fz_context *ctx, fz_device *dev, fz_shade *shade, fz_matrix ctm, float alpha, fz_color_params color_params)
+{
+	pdf_device *pdev = (pdf_device*)dev;
+
+	fz_warn(ctx, "the pdf device does not support shadings; output may be incomplete");
+
+	/* FIXME */
+	pdf_dev_end_text(ctx, pdev);
+}
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_fill_image_mask(fz_context *ctx, fz_device *dev, fz_image *image, fz_matrix ctm,
+		fz_colorspace *colorspace, const float *color, float alpha, fz_color_params color_params)
+{
+	pdf_device *pdev = (pdf_device*)dev;
+	pdf_obj *im_res = NULL;
+	gstate *gs = CURRENT_GSTATE(pdev);
+
+	pdf_dev_end_text(ctx, pdev);
+	im_res = pdf_add_image(ctx, pdev->doc, image);
+	if (im_res == NULL)
+	{
+		fz_warn(ctx, "pdf_add_image: problem adding image resource");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	fz_try(ctx)
+	{
+		fz_append_string(ctx, gs->buf, "q\n");
+		pdf_dev_alpha(ctx, pdev, alpha, 0);
+		pdf_dev_color(ctx, pdev, colorspace, color, 0, color_params);
+
+		/* PDF images are upside down, so fiddle the ctm */
+		ctm = fz_pre_scale(ctm, 1, -1);
+		ctm = fz_pre_translate(ctm, 0, -1);
+		pdf_dev_ctm(ctx, pdev, ctm);
+		fz_append_printf(ctx, gs->buf, "/Img%d Do Q\n", pdf_to_num(ctx, im_res));
+
+		/* Possibly add to page resources */
+		pdf_dev_add_image_res(ctx, dev, im_res);
+	}
+	fz_always(ctx)
+		pdf_drop_obj(ctx, im_res);
+	fz_catch(ctx)
+		fz_rethrow(ctx);
+}
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_clip_image_mask(fz_context *ctx, fz_device *dev, fz_image *image, fz_matrix ctm, fz_rect scissor)
+{
+	pdf_device *pdev = (pdf_device*)dev;
+
+	fz_warn(ctx, "the pdf device does not support image masks; output may be incomplete");
+
+	/* FIXME */
+	pdf_dev_end_text(ctx, pdev);
+	pdf_dev_push(ctx, pdev);
+}
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_pop_clip(fz_context *ctx, fz_device *dev)
+{
+	pdf_device *pdev = (pdf_device*)dev;
+
+	/* FIXME */
+	pdf_dev_end_text(ctx, pdev);
+	pdf_dev_pop(ctx, pdev);
+}
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_begin_mask(fz_context *ctx, fz_device *dev, fz_rect bbox, int luminosity, fz_colorspace *colorspace, const float *color, fz_color_params color_params)
+{
+	pdf_device *pdev = (pdf_device*)dev;
+	gstate *gs;
+	pdf_obj *smask = NULL;
+	char egsname[32];
+	pdf_obj *egs = NULL;
+	pdf_obj *egss;
+	pdf_obj *form_ref;
+	pdf_obj *color_obj = NULL;
+	int i, n;
+
+	fz_var(smask);
+	fz_var(egs);
+	fz_var(color_obj);
+
+	pdf_dev_end_text(ctx, pdev);
+
+	pdf_dev_ctm(ctx, pdev, fz_identity);
+
+	/* Make a new form to contain the contents of the softmask */
+	pdf_dev_new_form(ctx, &form_ref, pdev, bbox, 0, 0, 1, colorspace);
+
+	fz_try(ctx)
+	{
+		fz_snprintf(egsname, sizeof(egsname), "SM%d", pdev->num_smasks++);
+		egss = pdf_dict_get(ctx, pdev->resources, PDF_NAME(ExtGState));
+		if (!egss)
+			egss = pdf_dict_put_dict(ctx, pdev->resources, PDF_NAME(ExtGState), 10);
+		egs = pdf_dict_puts_dict(ctx, egss, egsname, 1);
+
+		pdf_dict_put(ctx, egs, PDF_NAME(Type), PDF_NAME(ExtGState));
+		smask = pdf_dict_put_dict(ctx, egs, PDF_NAME(SMask), 4);
+
+		pdf_dict_put(ctx, smask, PDF_NAME(Type), PDF_NAME(Mask));
+		pdf_dict_put(ctx, smask, PDF_NAME(S), (luminosity ? PDF_NAME(Luminosity) : PDF_NAME(Alpha)));
+		pdf_dict_put(ctx, smask, PDF_NAME(G), form_ref);
+
+		n = fz_colorspace_n(ctx, colorspace);
+		color_obj = pdf_dict_put_array(ctx, smask, PDF_NAME(BC), n);
+		for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+			pdf_array_push_real(ctx, color_obj, color[i]);
+
+		gs = CURRENT_GSTATE(pdev);
+		fz_append_printf(ctx, gs->buf, "/SM%d gs\n", pdev->num_smasks-1);
+	}
+	fz_catch(ctx)
+	{
+		pdf_drop_obj(ctx, form_ref);
+		fz_rethrow(ctx);
+	}
+
+	/* Now, everything we get until the end_mask needs to go into a
+	 * new buffer, which will be the stream contents for the form. */
+	pdf_dev_push_new_buf(ctx, pdev, fz_new_buffer(ctx, 1024), NULL, form_ref);
+}
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_end_mask(fz_context *ctx, fz_device *dev, fz_function *tr)
+{
+	pdf_device *pdev = (pdf_device*)dev;
+	pdf_document *doc = pdev->doc;
+	gstate *gs = CURRENT_GSTATE(pdev);
+	pdf_obj *form_ref = (pdf_obj *)gs->on_pop_arg;
+
+	if (tr)
+		fz_warn(ctx, "Ignoring Transfer function");
+
+	/* Here we do part of the pop, but not all of it. */
+	pdf_dev_end_text(ctx, pdev);
+	fz_append_string(ctx, gs->buf, "Q\n");
+	pdf_update_stream(ctx, doc, form_ref, gs->buf, 0);
+	fz_drop_buffer(ctx, gs->buf);
+	gs->buf = fz_keep_buffer(ctx, gs[-1].buf);
+	gs->on_pop_arg = NULL;
+	pdf_drop_obj(ctx, form_ref);
+	fz_append_string(ctx, gs->buf, "q\n");
+}
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_begin_group(fz_context *ctx, fz_device *dev, fz_rect bbox, fz_colorspace *cs, int isolated, int knockout, int blendmode, float alpha)
+{
+	pdf_device *pdev = (pdf_device*)dev;
+	int num;
+	pdf_obj *form_ref;
+	gstate *gs;
+
+	pdf_dev_end_text(ctx, pdev);
+
+	pdf_dev_ctm(ctx, pdev, fz_identity);
+
+	num = pdf_dev_new_form(ctx, &form_ref, pdev, bbox, isolated, knockout, alpha, cs);
+
+	/* Do we have an appropriate blending extgstate already? */
+	{
+		char text[32];
+		pdf_obj *obj;
+		pdf_obj *egs = pdf_dict_get(ctx, pdev->resources, PDF_NAME(ExtGState));
+		if (egs == NULL)
+			egs = pdf_dict_put_dict(ctx, pdev->resources, PDF_NAME(ExtGState), 4);
+		fz_snprintf(text, sizeof(text), "BlendMode%d", blendmode);
+		obj = pdf_dict_gets(ctx, egs, text);
+		if (obj == NULL)
+		{
+			/* No, better make one */
+			obj = pdf_dict_puts_dict(ctx, egs, text, 2);
+			pdf_dict_put(ctx, obj, PDF_NAME(Type), PDF_NAME(ExtGState));
+			pdf_dict_put_name(ctx, obj, PDF_NAME(BM), fz_blendmode_name(blendmode));
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Add the call to this group */
+	gs = CURRENT_GSTATE(pdev);
+	fz_append_printf(ctx, gs->buf, "/BlendMode%d gs /Fm%d Do\n", blendmode, num);
+
+	/* Now, everything we get until the end of group needs to go into a
+	 * new buffer, which will be the stream contents for the form. */
+	pdf_dev_push_new_buf(ctx, pdev, fz_new_buffer(ctx, 1024), NULL, form_ref);
+}
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_end_group(fz_context *ctx, fz_device *dev)
+{
+	pdf_device *pdev = (pdf_device*)dev;
+	pdf_document *doc = pdev->doc;
+	gstate *gs = CURRENT_GSTATE(pdev);
+	fz_buffer *buf = fz_keep_buffer(ctx, gs->buf);
+	pdf_obj *form_ref;
+
+	pdf_dev_end_text(ctx, pdev);
+	form_ref = (pdf_obj *)pdf_dev_pop(ctx, pdev);
+	pdf_update_stream(ctx, doc, form_ref, buf, 0);
+	fz_drop_buffer(ctx, buf);
+	pdf_drop_obj(ctx, form_ref);
+}
+
+static int
+pdf_dev_begin_tile(fz_context *ctx, fz_device *dev, fz_rect area, fz_rect view, float xstep, float ystep, fz_matrix ctm, int id, int doc_id)
+{
+	pdf_device *pdev = (pdf_device*)dev;
+
+	/* FIXME */
+	pdf_dev_end_text(ctx, pdev);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_end_tile(fz_context *ctx, fz_device *dev)
+{
+	pdf_device *pdev = (pdf_device*)dev;
+
+	/* FIXME */
+	pdf_dev_end_text(ctx, pdev);
+}
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_close_device(fz_context *ctx, fz_device *dev)
+{
+	pdf_device *pdev = (pdf_device*)dev;
+	pdf_dev_end_text(ctx, pdev);
+}
+
+static void
+pdf_dev_drop_device(fz_context *ctx, fz_device *dev)
+{
+	pdf_device *pdev = (pdf_device*)dev;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = pdev->num_gstates-1; i >= 0; i--)
+	{
+		fz_drop_buffer(ctx, pdev->gstates[i].buf);
+		fz_drop_stroke_state(ctx, pdev->gstates[i].stroke_state);
+	}
+
+	for (i = pdev->num_cid_fonts-1; i >= 0; i--)
+		fz_drop_font(ctx, pdev->cid_fonts[i]);
+
+	for (i = pdev->num_groups - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+	{
+		pdf_drop_obj(ctx, pdev->groups[i].ref);
+		fz_drop_colorspace(ctx, pdev->groups[i].colorspace);
+	}
+
+	pdf_drop_obj(ctx, pdev->resources);
+	fz_free(ctx, pdev->cid_fonts);
+	fz_free(ctx, pdev->cid_fonts_enc);
+	fz_free(ctx, pdev->image_indices);
+	fz_free(ctx, pdev->groups);
+	fz_free(ctx, pdev->alphas);
+	fz_free(ctx, pdev->gstates);
+}
+
+fz_device *pdf_new_pdf_device(fz_context *ctx, pdf_document *doc, fz_matrix topctm, pdf_obj *resources, fz_buffer *buf)
+{
+	pdf_device *dev = fz_new_derived_device(ctx, pdf_device);
+
+	dev->super.close_device = pdf_dev_close_device;
+	dev->super.drop_device = pdf_dev_drop_device;
+
+	dev->super.fill_path = pdf_dev_fill_path;
+	dev->super.stroke_path = pdf_dev_stroke_path;
+	dev->super.clip_path = pdf_dev_clip_path;
+	dev->super.clip_stroke_path = pdf_dev_clip_stroke_path;
+
+	dev->super.fill_text = pdf_dev_fill_text;
+	dev->super.stroke_text = pdf_dev_stroke_text;
+	dev->super.clip_text = pdf_dev_clip_text;
+	dev->super.clip_stroke_text = pdf_dev_clip_stroke_text;
+	dev->super.ignore_text = pdf_dev_ignore_text;
+
+	dev->super.fill_shade = pdf_dev_fill_shade;
+	dev->super.fill_image = pdf_dev_fill_image;
+	dev->super.fill_image_mask = pdf_dev_fill_image_mask;
+	dev->super.clip_image_mask = pdf_dev_clip_image_mask;
+
+	dev->super.pop_clip = pdf_dev_pop_clip;
+
+	dev->super.begin_mask = pdf_dev_begin_mask;
+	dev->super.end_mask = pdf_dev_end_mask;
+	dev->super.begin_group = pdf_dev_begin_group;
+	dev->super.end_group = pdf_dev_end_group;
+
+	dev->super.begin_tile = pdf_dev_begin_tile;
+	dev->super.end_tile = pdf_dev_end_tile;
+
+	fz_var(buf);
+
+	fz_try(ctx)
+	{
+		dev->doc = doc;
+		dev->resources = pdf_keep_obj(ctx, resources);
+		dev->gstates = fz_malloc_struct(ctx, gstate);
+		if (buf)
+			dev->gstates[0].buf = fz_keep_buffer(ctx, buf);
+		else
+			dev->gstates[0].buf = fz_new_buffer(ctx, 256);
+		dev->gstates[0].ctm = fz_identity; // XXX
+		dev->gstates[0].colorspace[0] = fz_device_gray(ctx);
+		dev->gstates[0].colorspace[1] = fz_device_gray(ctx);
+		dev->gstates[0].color[0][0] = 0;
+		dev->gstates[0].color[1][0] = 0;
+		dev->gstates[0].alpha[0] = 1.0f;
+		dev->gstates[0].alpha[1] = 1.0f;
+		dev->gstates[0].font = -1;
+		dev->num_gstates = 1;
+		dev->max_gstates = 1;
+
+		if (!fz_is_identity(topctm))
+			fz_append_printf(ctx, dev->gstates[0].buf, "%M cm\n", &topctm);
+	}
+	fz_catch(ctx)
+	{
+		fz_drop_device(ctx, &dev->super);
+		fz_rethrow(ctx);
+	}
+
+	return (fz_device*)dev;
+}
+
+fz_device *pdf_page_write(fz_context *ctx, pdf_document *doc, fz_rect mediabox, pdf_obj **presources, fz_buffer **pcontents)
+{
+	fz_matrix pagectm = { 1, 0, 0, -1, -mediabox.x0, mediabox.y1 };
+	if (!*presources)
+		*presources = pdf_new_dict(ctx, doc, 0);
+	if (!*pcontents)
+		*pcontents = fz_new_buffer(ctx, 0);
+	return pdf_new_pdf_device(ctx, doc, pagectm, *presources, *pcontents);
+}