Mercurial > hgrepos > Python2 > PyMuPDF

annotate mupdf-source/thirdparty/harfbuzz/docs/usermanual-shaping-concepts.xml @ 22:d77477b4e151

Find changesets by keywords (author, files, the commit message), revision number or hash, or revset expression.
Let _int_rc() also handle (i.e. ignore) a local version suffix
author Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
date Fri, 19 Sep 2025 12:05:57 +0200
parents b50eed0cc0ef
children
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
rev   line source
2
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1 <?xml version="1.0"?>
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2 <!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN"
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3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 <!ENTITY % local.common.attrib "xmlns:xi CDATA #FIXED 'http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude'">
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5 <!ENTITY version SYSTEM "version.xml">
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6 ]>
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7 <chapter id="shaping-concepts">
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8 <title>Shaping concepts</title>
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9 <section id="text-shaping-concepts">
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10 <title>Text shaping</title>
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11 <para>
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12 Text shaping is the process of transforming a sequence of Unicode
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13 codepoints that represent individual characters (letters,
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14 diacritics, tone marks, numbers, symbols, etc.) into the
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15 orthographically and linguistically correct two-dimensional layout
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16 of glyph shapes taken from a specified font.
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17 </para>
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18 <para>
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19 For some writing systems (or <emphasis>scripts</emphasis>) and
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20 languages, the process is simple, requiring the shaper to do
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21 little more than advance the horizontal position forward by the
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22 correct amount for each successive glyph.
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23 </para>
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24 <para>
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25 But, for other scripts (often unceremoniously called <emphasis>complex scripts</emphasis>), any combination of
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26 several shaping operations may be required, and the rules for how
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27 and when they are applied vary from script to script. HarfBuzz and
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28 other shaping engines implement these rules.
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29 </para>
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30 <para>
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31 The exact rules and necessary operations for a particular script
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32 constitute a shaping <emphasis>model</emphasis>. OpenType
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33 specifies a set of shaping models that covers all of
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34 Unicode. Other shaping models are available, however, including
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35 Graphite and Apple Advanced Typography (AAT).
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36 </para>
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37 </section>
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38
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39 <section id="script-specific-shaping">
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40 <title>Script-specific shaping</title>
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41 <para>
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42 In many scripts, transforming the input
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43 sequence into the final layout often requires some combination of
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44 operations&mdash;such as context-dependent substitutions,
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45 context-dependent mark positioning, glyph-to-glyph joining,
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46 glyph reordering, or glyph stacking.
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47 </para>
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48 <para>
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49 In some scripts, the shaping rules require that a text
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50 run be divided into syllables before the operations can be
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51 applied. Other scripts may apply shaping operations over
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52 entire words or over the entire text run, with no subdivision
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53 required.
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54 </para>
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55 <para>
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56 Other scripts, do not require these
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57 operations. However, correctly shaping a text run in
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58 any script may still involve Unicode normalization,
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59 ligature substitutions, mark positioning, kerning, and applying
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60 other font features.
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61 </para>
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62 </section>
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63
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64 <section id="shaping-operations">
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65 <title>Shaping operations</title>
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66 <para>
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67 Shaping a text run involves transforming the
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68 input sequence of Unicode codepoints with some combination of
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69 operations that is specified in the shaping model for the
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70 script.
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71 </para>
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72 <para>
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73 The specific conditions that trigger a given operation for a
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74 text run varies from script to script, as do the order that the
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75 operations are performed in and which codepoints are
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76 affected. However, the same general set of shaping operations is
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77 common to all of the script shaping models.
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78 </para>
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79
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80 <itemizedlist>
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81 <listitem>
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82 <para>
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83 A <emphasis>reordering</emphasis> operation moves a glyph
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84 from its original ("logical") position in the sequence to
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85 some other ("visual") position.
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86 </para>
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87 <para>
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88 The shaping model for a given script might involve
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89 more than one reordering step.
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90 </para>
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91 </listitem>
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92
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93 <listitem>
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94 <para>
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95 A <emphasis>joining</emphasis> operation replaces a glyph
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96 with an alternate form that is designed to connect with one
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97 or more of the adjacent glyphs in the sequence.
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98 </para>
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99 </listitem>
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100
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101 <listitem>
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102 <para>
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103 A contextual <emphasis>substitution</emphasis> operation
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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104 replaces either a single glyph or a subsequence of several
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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105 glyphs with an alternate glyph. This substitution is
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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106 performed when the original glyph or subsequence of glyphs
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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107 occurs in a specified position with respect to the
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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108 surrounding sequence. For example, one substitution might be
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109 performed only when the target glyph is the first glyph in
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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110 the sequence, while another substitution is performed only
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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111 when a different target glyph occurs immediately after a
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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112 particular string pattern.
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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113 </para>
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114 <para>
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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115 The shaping model for a given script might involve
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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116 multiple contextual-substitution operations, each applying
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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117 to different target glyphs and patterns, and which are
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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118 performed in separate steps.
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119 </para>
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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120 </listitem>
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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121
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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122 <listitem>
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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123 <para>
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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124 A contextual <emphasis>positioning</emphasis> operation
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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125 moves the horizontal and/or vertical position of a
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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126 glyph. This positioning move is performed when the glyph
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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127 occurs in a specified position with respect to the
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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128 surrounding sequence.
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129 </para>
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130 <para>
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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131 Many contextual positioning operations are used to place
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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132 <emphasis>mark</emphasis> glyphs (such as diacritics, vowel
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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133 signs, and tone markers) with respect to
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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134 <emphasis>base</emphasis> glyphs. However, some
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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135 scripts may use contextual positioning operations to
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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136 correctly place base glyphs as well, such as
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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137 when the script uses <emphasis>stacking</emphasis> characters.
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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138 </para>
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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139 </listitem>
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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140
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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141 </itemizedlist>
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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142 </section>
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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143
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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144 <section id="unicode-character-categories">
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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145 <title>Unicode character categories</title>
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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146 <para>
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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147 Shaping models are typically specified with respect to how
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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148 scripts are defined in the Unicode standard.
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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149 </para>
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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150 <para>
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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151 Every codepoint in the Unicode Character Database (UCD) is
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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152 assigned a <emphasis>Unicode General Category</emphasis> (UGC),
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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153 which provides the most fundamental information about the
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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154 codepoint: whether the codepoint represents a
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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155 <emphasis>Letter</emphasis>, a <emphasis>Mark</emphasis>, a
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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156 <emphasis>Number</emphasis>, <emphasis>Punctuation</emphasis>, a
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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157 <emphasis>Symbol</emphasis>, a <emphasis>Separator</emphasis>,
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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158 or something else (<emphasis>Other</emphasis>).
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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159 </para>
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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160 <para>
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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161 These UGC properties are "Major" categories. Each codepoint is
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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162 further assigned to a "minor" category within its Major
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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163 category, such as "Letter, uppercase" (<literal>Lu</literal>) or
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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164 "Letter, modifier" (<literal>Lm</literal>).
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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165 </para>
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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166 <para>
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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167 Shaping models are concerned primarily with Letter and Mark
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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168 codepoints. The minor categories of Mark codepoints are
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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169 particularly important for shaping. Marks can be nonspacing
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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170 (<literal>Mn</literal>), spacing combining
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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171 (<literal>Mc</literal>), or enclosing (<literal>Me</literal>).
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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172 </para>
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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173 <para>
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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174 In addition to the UGC property, codepoints in the Indic and
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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175 Southeast Asian scripts are also assigned
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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176 <emphasis>Unicode Indic Syllabic Category</emphasis> (UISC) and
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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177 <emphasis>Unicode Indic Positional Category</emphasis> (UIPC)
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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178 properties that provide more detailed information needed for
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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179 shaping.
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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180 </para>
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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181 <para>
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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182 The UISC property sub-categorizes Letters and Marks according to
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
183 common script-shaping behaviors. For example, UISC distinguishes
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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184 between consonant letters, vowel letters, and vowel marks. The
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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185 UIPC property sub-categorizes Mark codepoints by the relative visual
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
186 position that they occupy (above, below, right, left, or in
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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187 multiple positions).
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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188 </para>
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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189 <para>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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190 Some scripts require that the text run be split into
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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191 syllables. What constitutes a valid syllable in these
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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192 scripts is specified in regular expressions, formed from the
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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193 Letter and Mark codepoints, that take the UISC and UIPC
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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194 properties into account.
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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195 </para>
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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196
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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197 </section>
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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198
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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199 <section id="text-runs">
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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200 <title>Text runs</title>
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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201 <para>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
202 Real-world text usually contains codepoints from a mixture of
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
203 different Unicode scripts (including punctuation, numbers, symbols,
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
204 white-space characters, and other codepoints that do not belong
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
205 to any script). Real-world text may also be marked up with
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
206 formatting that changes font properties (including the font,
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
207 font style, and font size).
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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208 </para>
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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209 <para>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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210 For shaping purposes, all real-world text streams must be first
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
211 segmented into runs that have a uniform set of properties.
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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212 </para>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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213 <para>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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214 In particular, shaping models always assume that every codepoint
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
215 in a text run has the same <emphasis>direction</emphasis>,
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
216 <emphasis>script</emphasis> tag, and
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
217 <emphasis>language</emphasis> tag.
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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218 </para>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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219 </section>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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220
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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221 <section id="opentype-shaping-models">
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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222 <title>OpenType shaping models</title>
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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223 <para>
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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224 OpenType provides shaping models for the following scripts:
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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225 </para>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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226
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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227 <itemizedlist>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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228 <listitem>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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229 <para>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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230 The <emphasis>default</emphasis> shaping model handles all
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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231 scripts with no script-specific shaping model, and may also be used as a fallback for
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
232 handling unrecognized scripts.
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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233 </para>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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234 </listitem>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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235
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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236 <listitem>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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237 <para>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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238 The <emphasis>Indic</emphasis> shaping model handles the Indic
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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239 scripts Bengali, Devanagari, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Kannada,
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
240 Malayalam, Oriya, Tamil, and Telugu.
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
241 </para>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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242 <para>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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243 The Indic shaping model was revised significantly in
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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244 2005. To denote the change, a new set of <emphasis>script
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
245 tags</emphasis> was assigned for Bengali, Devanagari,
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
246 Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Kannada, Malayalam, Oriya, Tamil, and
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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247 Telugu. For the sake of clarity, the term "Indic2" is
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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248 sometimes used to refer to the current, revised shaping
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
249 model.
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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250 </para>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
251 </listitem>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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252
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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253 <listitem>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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254 <para>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
255 The <emphasis>Arabic</emphasis> shaping model supports
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
256 Arabic, Mongolian, N'Ko, Syriac, and several other connected
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
257 or cursive scripts.
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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258 </para>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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259 </listitem>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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260
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
261 <listitem>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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262 <para>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
263 The <emphasis>Thai/Lao</emphasis> shaping model supports
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
264 the Thai and Lao scripts.
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
265 </para>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
266 </listitem>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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267
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
268 <listitem>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
269 <para>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
270 The <emphasis>Khmer</emphasis> shaping model supports the
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
271 Khmer script.
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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272 </para>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
273 </listitem>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
274
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
275 <listitem>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
276 <para>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
277 The <emphasis>Myanmar</emphasis> shaping model supports the
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
278 Myanmar (or Burmese) script.
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
279 </para>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
280 </listitem>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
281
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
282 <listitem>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
283 <para>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
284 The <emphasis>Tibetan</emphasis> shaping model supports the
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
285 Tibetan script.
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
286 </para>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
287 </listitem>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
288
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
289 <listitem>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
290 <para>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
291 The <emphasis>Hangul</emphasis> shaping model supports the
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
292 Hangul script.
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
293 </para>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
294 </listitem>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
295
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
296 <listitem>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
297 <para>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
298 The <emphasis>Hebrew</emphasis> shaping model supports the
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
299 Hebrew script.
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
300 </para>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
301 </listitem>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
302
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
303 <listitem>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
304 <para>
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
diff changeset
305 The <emphasis>Universal Shaping Engine</emphasis> (USE)
b50eed0cc0ef ADD: MuPDF v1.26.7: the MuPDF source as downloaded by a default build of PyMuPDF 1.26.4.
Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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306 shaping model supports scripts not covered by one of
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307 the above, script-specific shaping models, including
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308 Javanese, Balinese, Buginese, Batak, Chakma, Lepcha, Modi,
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309 Phags-pa, Tagalog, Siddham, Sundanese, Tai Le, Tai Tham, Tai
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310 Viet, and many others.
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311 </para>
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312 </listitem>
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313
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314 <listitem>
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315 <para>
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316 Text runs that do not fall under one of the above shaping
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317 models may still require processing by a shaping engine. Of
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318 particular note is <emphasis>Emoji</emphasis> shaping, which
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319 may involve variation-selector sequences and glyph
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320 substitution. Emoji shaping is handled by the default
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321 shaping model.
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322 </para>
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323 </listitem>
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324
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325 </itemizedlist>
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326
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327 </section>
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328
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329 <section id="graphite-shaping">
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330 <title>Graphite shaping</title>
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331 <para>
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332 In contrast to OpenType shaping, Graphite shaping does not
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333 specify a predefined set of shaping models or a set of supported
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334 scripts.
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335 </para>
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336 <para>
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337 Instead, each Graphite font contains a complete set of rules that
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338 implement the required shaping model for the intended
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339 script. These rules include finite-state machines to match
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340 sequences of codepoints to the shaping operations to perform.
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341 </para>
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342 <para>
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343 Graphite shaping can perform the same shaping operations used in
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344 OpenType shaping, as well as other functions that have not been
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345 defined for OpenType shaping.
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346 </para>
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347 </section>
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348
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349 <section id="aat-shaping">
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350 <title>AAT shaping</title>
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351 <para>
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352 In contrast to OpenType shaping, AAT shaping does not specify a
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353 predefined set of shaping models or a set of supported scripts.
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354 </para>
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355 <para>
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356 Instead, each AAT font includes a complete set of rules that
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357 implement the desired shaping model for the intended
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358 script. These rules include finite-state machines to match glyph
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359 sequences and the shaping operations to perform.
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360 </para>
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361 <para>
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362 Notably, AAT shaping rules are expressed for glyphs in the font,
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363 not for Unicode codepoints. AAT shaping can perform the same
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364 shaping operations used in OpenType shaping, as well as other
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365 functions that have not been defined for OpenType shaping.
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366 </para>
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367 </section>
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368 </chapter>