Mercurial > hgrepos > Python2 > PyMuPDF

annotate mupdf-source/thirdparty/curl/docs/HTTP-COOKIES.md @ 22:d77477b4e151

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Let _int_rc() also handle (i.e. ignore) a local version suffix
author Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
date Fri, 19 Sep 2025 12:05:57 +0200
parents b50eed0cc0ef
children
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
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1 # HTTP Cookies
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3 ## Cookie overview
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5 Cookies are `name=contents` pairs that a HTTP server tells the client to
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6 hold and then the client sends back those to the server on subsequent
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7 requests to the same domains and paths for which the cookies were set.
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9 Cookies are either "session cookies" which typically are forgotten when the
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10 session is over which is often translated to equal when browser quits, or
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11 the cookies aren't session cookies they have expiration dates after which
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12 the client will throw them away.
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14 Cookies are set to the client with the Set-Cookie: header and are sent to
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15 servers with the Cookie: header.
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17 For a very long time, the only spec explaining how to use cookies was the
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18 original [Netscape spec from 1994](https://curl.haxx.se/rfc/cookie_spec.html).
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20 In 2011, [RFC6265](https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc6265.txt) was finally
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21 published and details how cookies work within HTTP. In 2016, an update which
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22 added support for prefixes was
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23 [proposed](https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-cookie-prefixes-00),
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24 and in 2017, another update was
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25 [drafted](https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-cookie-alone-01)
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26 to deprecate modification of 'secure' cookies from non-secure origins. Both
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27 of these drafs have been incorporated into a proposal to
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28 [replace](https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-rfc6265bis-02)
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29 RFC6265. Cookie prefixes and secure cookie modification protection has been
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30 implemented by curl.
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32 ## Cookies saved to disk
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34 Netscape once created a file format for storing cookies on disk so that they
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35 would survive browser restarts. curl adopted that file format to allow
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36 sharing the cookies with browsers, only to see browsers move away from that
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37 format. Modern browsers no longer use it, while curl still does.
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39 The netscape cookie file format stores one cookie per physical line in the
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40 file with a bunch of associated meta data, each field separated with
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41 TAB. That file is called the cookiejar in curl terminology.
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43 When libcurl saves a cookiejar, it creates a file header of its own in which
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44 there is a URL mention that will link to the web version of this document.
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46 ## Cookies with curl the command line tool
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48 curl has a full cookie "engine" built in. If you just activate it, you can
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49 have curl receive and send cookies exactly as mandated in the specs.
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51 Command line options:
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53 `-b, --cookie`
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55 tell curl a file to read cookies from and start the cookie engine, or if it
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56 isn't a file it will pass on the given string. -b name=var works and so does
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57 -b cookiefile.
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59 `-j, --junk-session-cookies`
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61 when used in combination with -b, it will skip all "session cookies" on load
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62 so as to appear to start a new cookie session.
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64 `-c, --cookie-jar`
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66 tell curl to start the cookie engine and write cookies to the given file
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67 after the request(s)
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69 ## Cookies with libcurl
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71 libcurl offers several ways to enable and interface the cookie engine. These
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72 options are the ones provided by the native API. libcurl bindings may offer
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73 access to them using other means.
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75 `CURLOPT_COOKIE`
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77 Is used when you want to specify the exact contents of a cookie header to
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78 send to the server.
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80 `CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE`
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82 Tell libcurl to activate the cookie engine, and to read the initial set of
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83 cookies from the given file. Read-only.
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85 `CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR`
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87 Tell libcurl to activate the cookie engine, and when the easy handle is
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88 closed save all known cookies to the given cookiejar file. Write-only.
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90 `CURLOPT_COOKIELIST`
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92 Provide detailed information about a single cookie to add to the internal
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93 storage of cookies. Pass in the cookie as a HTTP header with all the details
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94 set, or pass in a line from a netscape cookie file. This option can also be
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95 used to flush the cookies etc.
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97 `CURLINFO_COOKIELIST`
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99 Extract cookie information from the internal cookie storage as a linked
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100 list.
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101
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102 ## Cookies with javascript
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103
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104 These days a lot of the web is built up by javascript. The webbrowser loads
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105 complete programs that render the page you see. These javascript programs
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106 can also set and access cookies.
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107
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108 Since curl and libcurl are plain HTTP clients without any knowledge of or
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109 capability to handle javascript, such cookies will not be detected or used.
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110
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111 Often, if you want to mimic what a browser does on such web sites, you can
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112 record web browser HTTP traffic when using such a site and then repeat the
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113 cookie operations using curl or libcurl.