Mercurial > hgrepos > Python2 > PyMuPDF

annotate mupdf-source/thirdparty/curl/docs/libcurl/libcurl-multi.3 @ 21:2f43e400f144

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Provide an "all" target to build both the sdist and the wheel
author Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
date Fri, 19 Sep 2025 10:28:53 +0200
parents b50eed0cc0ef
children
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1 .\" **************************************************************************
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2 .\" * _ _ ____ _
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3 .\" * Project ___| | | | _ \| |
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4 .\" * / __| | | | |_) | |
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5 .\" * | (__| |_| | _ <| |___
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6 .\" * \___|\___/|_| \_\_____|
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7 .\" *
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8 .\" * Copyright (C) 1998 - 2018, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
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9 .\" *
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10 .\" * This software is licensed as described in the file COPYING, which
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11 .\" * you should have received as part of this distribution. The terms
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12 .\" * are also available at https://curl.haxx.se/docs/copyright.html.
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13 .\" *
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14 .\" * You may opt to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute and/or sell
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15 .\" * copies of the Software, and permit persons to whom the Software is
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16 .\" * furnished to do so, under the terms of the COPYING file.
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17 .\" *
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18 .\" * This software is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
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19 .\" * KIND, either express or implied.
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20 .\" *
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21 .\" **************************************************************************
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22 .\"
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23 .TH libcurl-multi 3 "19 Sep 2014" "libcurl" "libcurl multi interface"
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24 .SH NAME
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25 libcurl-multi \- how to use the multi interface
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26 .SH DESCRIPTION
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27 This is an overview on how to use the libcurl multi interface in your C
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28 programs. There are specific man pages for each function mentioned in
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29 here. There's also the \fIlibcurl-tutorial(3)\fP man page for a complete
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30 tutorial to programming with libcurl and the \fIlibcurl-easy(3)\fP man page
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31 for an overview of the libcurl easy interface.
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32
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33 All functions in the multi interface are prefixed with curl_multi.
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34 .SH "OBJECTIVES"
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35 The multi interface offers several abilities that the easy interface doesn't.
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36 They are mainly:
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37
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38 1. Enable a "pull" interface. The application that uses libcurl decides where
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39 and when to ask libcurl to get/send data.
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40
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41 2. Enable multiple simultaneous transfers in the same thread without making it
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42 complicated for the application.
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43
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44 3. Enable the application to wait for action on its own file descriptors and
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45 curl's file descriptors simultaneously.
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47 4. Enable event-based handling and scaling transfers up to and beyond
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48 thousands of parallel connections.
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49 .SH "ONE MULTI HANDLE MANY EASY HANDLES"
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50 To use the multi interface, you must first create a 'multi handle' with
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51 \fIcurl_multi_init(3)\fP. This handle is then used as input to all further
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52 curl_multi_* functions.
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54 With a multi handle and the multi interface you can do several simultaneous
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55 transfers in parallel. Each single transfer is built up around an easy
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56 handle. You create all the easy handles you need, and setup the appropriate
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57 options for each easy handle using \fIcurl_easy_setopt(3)\fP.
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58
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59 There are two flavours of the multi interface, the select() oriented one and
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60 the event based one we call multi_socket. You will benefit from reading
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61 through the description of both versions to fully understand how they work and
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62 differentiate. We start out with the select() oriented version.
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64 When an easy handle is setup and ready for transfer, then instead of using
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65 \fIcurl_easy_perform(3)\fP like when using the easy interface for transfers,
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66 you should add the easy handle to the multi handle with
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67 \fIcurl_multi_add_handle(3)\fP. You can add more easy handles to a multi
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68 handle at any point, even if other transfers are already running.
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69
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70 Should you change your mind, the easy handle is again removed from the multi
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71 stack using \fIcurl_multi_remove_handle(3)\fP. Once removed from the multi
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72 handle, you can again use other easy interface functions like
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73 \fIcurl_easy_perform(3)\fP on the handle or whatever you think is
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74 necessary. You can remove handles at any point in time during transfers.
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75
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76 Adding the easy handle to the multi handle does not start the transfer.
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77 Remember that one of the main ideas with this interface is to let your
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78 application drive. You drive the transfers by invoking
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79 \fIcurl_multi_perform(3)\fP. libcurl will then transfer data if there is
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80 anything available to transfer. It'll use the callbacks and everything else
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81 you have setup in the individual easy handles. It'll transfer data on all
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82 current transfers in the multi stack that are ready to transfer anything. It
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83 may be all, it may be none. When there's nothing more to do for now, it
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84 returns back to the calling application.
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85
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86 Your application extracts info from libcurl about when it would like to get
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87 invoked to transfer data or do other work. The most convenient way is to use
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88 \fIcurl_multi_wait(3)\fP that will help you wait until the application should
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89 call libcurl again. The older API to accomplish the same thing is
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90 \fIcurl_multi_fdset(3)\fP that extracts fd_sets from libcurl to use in
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91 select() or poll() calls in order to get to know when the transfers in the
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92 multi stack might need attention. Both these APIs allow for your program to
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93 wait for input on your own private file descriptors at the same time
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94 \fIcurl_multi_timeout(3)\fP also helps you with providing a suitable timeout
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95 period for your select() calls.
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96
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97 \fIcurl_multi_perform(3)\fP stores the number of still running transfers in
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98 one of its input arguments, and by reading that you can figure out when all
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99 the transfers in the multi handles are done. 'done' does not mean
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100 successful. One or more of the transfers may have failed. Tracking when this
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101 number changes, you know when one or more transfers are done.
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102
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103 To get information about completed transfers, to figure out success or not and
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104 similar, \fIcurl_multi_info_read(3)\fP should be called. It can return a
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105 message about a current or previous transfer. Repeated invokes of the function
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106 get more messages until the message queue is empty. The information you
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107 receive there includes an easy handle pointer which you may use to identify
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108 which easy handle the information regards.
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109
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110 When a single transfer is completed, the easy handle is still left added to
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111 the multi stack. You need to first remove the easy handle with
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112 \fIcurl_multi_remove_handle(3)\fP and then close it with
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113 \fIcurl_easy_cleanup(3)\fP, or possibly set new options to it and add it again
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114 with \fIcurl_multi_add_handle(3)\fP to start another transfer.
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115
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116 When all transfers in the multi stack are done, close the multi handle with
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117 \fIcurl_multi_cleanup(3)\fP. Be careful and please note that you \fBMUST\fP
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118 invoke separate \fIcurl_easy_cleanup(3)\fP calls for every single easy handle
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119 to clean them up properly.
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120
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121 If you want to re-use an easy handle that was added to the multi handle for
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122 transfer, you must first remove it from the multi stack and then re-add it
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123 again (possibly after having altered some options at your own choice).
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124 .SH "MULTI_SOCKET"
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125 \fIcurl_multi_socket_action(3)\fP function offers a way for applications to
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126 not only avoid being forced to use select(), but it also offers a much more
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127 high-performance API that will make a significant difference for applications
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128 using large numbers of simultaneous connections.
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129
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130 \fIcurl_multi_socket_action(3)\fP is then used instead of
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131 \fIcurl_multi_perform(3)\fP.
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132
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133 When using this API, you add easy handles to the multi handle just as with the
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134 normal multi interface. Then you also set two callbacks with the
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135 \fICURLMOPT_SOCKETFUNCTION(3)\fP and \fICURLMOPT_TIMERFUNCTION(3)\fP options
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136 to \fIcurl_multi_setopt(3)\fP. They are two callback functions that libcurl
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137 will call with information about what sockets to wait for, and for what
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138 activity, and what the current timeout time is - if that expires libcurl
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139 should be notified.
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140
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141 The multi_socket API is designed to inform your application about which
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142 sockets libcurl is currently using and for what activities (read and/or write)
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143 on those sockets your application is expected to wait for.
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144
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145 Your application must make sure to receive all sockets informed about in the
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146 \fICURLMOPT_SOCKETFUNCTION(3)\fP callback and make sure it reacts on the given
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147 activity on them. When a socket has the given activity, you call
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148 \fIcurl_multi_socket_action(3)\fP specifying which socket and action there
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149 are.
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150
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151 The \fICURLMOPT_TIMERFUNCTION(3)\fP callback is called to set a timeout. When
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152 that timeout expires, your application should call the
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153 \fIcurl_multi_socket_action(3)\fP function saying it was due to a timeout.
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154
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155 This API is typically used with an event-driven underlying functionality (like
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156 libevent, libev, kqueue, epoll or similar) with which the application
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157 "subscribes" on socket changes. This allows applications and libcurl to much
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158 better scale upward and beyond thousands of simultaneous transfers without
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159 losing performance.
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160
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161 When you've added your initial set of handles, you call
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162 \fIcurl_multi_socket_action(3)\fP with CURL_SOCKET_TIMEOUT set in the sockfd
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163 argument, and you'll get callbacks call that sets you up and you then continue
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164 to call \fIcurl_multi_socket_action(3)\fP accordingly when you get activity on
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165 the sockets you've been asked to wait on, or if the timeout timer expires.
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166
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167 You can poll \fIcurl_multi_info_read(3)\fP to see if any transfer has
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168 completed, as it then has a message saying so.
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169 .SH "BLOCKING"
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170 A few areas in the code are still using blocking code, even when used from the
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171 multi interface. While we certainly want and intend for these to get fixed in
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172 the future, you should be aware of the following current restrictions:
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173
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174 .nf
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175 - Name resolves unless the c-ares or threaded-resolver backends are used
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176 - SOCKS proxy handshakes
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177 - file:// transfers
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178 - TELNET transfers
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179 .fi
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180 .SH "SEE ALSO"
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181 .BR libcurl-errors "(3), " libcurl-easy "(3), " libcurl "(3) "