Mercurial > hgrepos > Python2 > PyMuPDF

annotate mupdf-source/docs/reference/common/glossary.rst @ 3:2c135c81b16c

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MERGE: upstream PyMuPDF 1.26.4 with MuPDF 1.26.7
author Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
date Mon, 15 Sep 2025 11:44:09 +0200
parents b50eed0cc0ef
children
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1 Glossary
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2 ========
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4 .. glossary::
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5 :sorted:
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7 Alpha
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8 Opacity
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10 Alpha values are real numbers in the closed interval from 0 to 1,
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11 where 0 means full transparency, and 1 means full opacity.
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13 Blend Mode
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15 Blend modes define how a layer of graphics combines with a backdrop.
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17 Below is an illustration of the visual effect for RGB colors for the blend
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18 modes defined for PDF.
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20 For further details refer to the PDF specification's `section
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21 on blend modes
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22 <https://opensource.adobe.com/dc-acrobat-sdk-docs/pdfstandards/pdfreference1.7old.pdf#G12.12449365>`_.
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24 .. imagesvg:: ../../images/blendmodes.svg
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25 :tagtype: object
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26 :width: 75%
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28 File specification
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30 In PDF a file specification names a file.
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32 If a file specification only contains a file name or a path,
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33 then it represents an external file. Such a file is assumed
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34 to be found at the specified location in the file system.
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36 A file specification may also embed the file contents as a
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37 stream inside the PDF. In this case the file specification
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38 represents an embedded file. For embedded files, further
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39 metadata may be stored (e.g. file size, creation and
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40 modification date).
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42 For more details read the PDF specification's section on
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43 `file specifications
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44 <https://opensource.adobe.com/dc-acrobat-sdk-docs/pdfstandards/pdfreference1.7old.pdf#G8.1640832>`_.
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46 Knockout and Isolation
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48 In a knockout transparency group each element overwrites the prior
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49 elements in the group instead of compositing with them.
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51 In an isolated transparency group the group does not composite with
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52 the group's backdrop, but rather a fully transparent backdrop.
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54 For further details refer to the PDF specification's sections on
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55 `isolation <https://opensource.adobe.com/dc-acrobat-sdk-docs/pdfstandards/pdfreference1.7old.pdf#G12.1689467>`_
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56 and
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57 `knockout <https://opensource.adobe.com/dc-acrobat-sdk-docs/pdfstandards/pdfreference1.7old.pdf#G12.1689478>`_.
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59 .. imagesvg:: ../../images/knockout-isolated.svg
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60 :tagtype: object
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61 :width: 75%
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63 Winding
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64 Non-zero Winding Number Rule
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65 Even-Odd Rule
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67 These rules in PDF defined what parts of a `Path` are inside and
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68 outside the curve respectively. This is used to determine what parts
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69 of a curve should be filled.
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71 See the PDF specification sections on the
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72 `Non-zero Winding Number Rule <https://opensource.adobe.com/dc-acrobat-sdk-docs/pdfstandards/pdfreference1.7old.pdf#G9.1850134>`_
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73 and
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74 `Even-Odd Rule <https://opensource.adobe.com/dc-acrobat-sdk-docs/pdfstandards/pdfreference1.7old.pdf#G9.1850155>`_.
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76 Line Cap Style
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78 PDFs define three different shapes for the ends of unclosed subpaths:
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79 butt cap, round cap, and square cap. See below for the visual effect and
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80 refer to the PDF specifications section about `Line Cap Styles
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81 <https://opensource.adobe.com/dc-acrobat-sdk-docs/pdfstandards/pdfreference1.7old.pdf#G9.1849678>`_
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82 for details.
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84 .. imagesvg:: ../../images/line-caps.svg
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85 :tagtype: object
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86 :width: 75%
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88 Line Join Style
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90 PDFs define three different shapes for the joining of two lines in a
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91 subpath: miter join, round join, and bevel join. See below for the
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92 visual effects and refer to the PDF specifications section about `Line
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93 Join Styles <https://opensource.adobe.com/dc-acrobat-sdk-docs/pdfstandards/pdfreference1.7old.pdf#G9.1849699>`_
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94 for details.
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96 .. imagesvg:: ../../images/line-joins.svg
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97 :tagtype: object
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98 :width: 50%
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99
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100 Miter Limit
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101
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102 When mitered line joins are used, then lines joining at sharper and
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103 sharper angles will produce longer and longer miters. The miter may stick
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104 out longer than anticipated. Therefore PDF defines a miter limit value,
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105 at which a longer miter join will be changed to a bevel join. See below
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106 for the visual effects and refer to the PDF specifications section about
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107 `Miter Limit
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108 <https://opensource.adobe.com/dc-acrobat-sdk-docs/pdfstandards/pdfreference1.7old.pdf#G9.3859627>`_
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109 for details.
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110
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111 .. imagesvg:: ../../images/miter-limit.svg
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112 :tagtype: object
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113 :width: 75%
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114
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115 QuadPoint
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116
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117 A QuadPoint in PDF is a non-axis aligned quadrilateral, used to define
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118 areas on the page that typically cover text (which may be rotated, or
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119 skewed). It is given as an array of 8 numbers (four x, y pairs).
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120
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121 QuadPoints are used with Link and text markup annotations.
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122
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123 The order of the points is a matter of confusion, because the order
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124 used in the PDF reference doesn't match the order that Adobe uses.
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125
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126 This is the order that is typically used:
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127 ``[ ulx uly urx ury llx lly lrx lry ]``
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128
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129 Page Box
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130
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131 The PDF reference defines several boxes to determine different parts
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132 of a page. See the chapter on
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133 `Page Boundaries <https://opensource.adobe.com/dc-acrobat-sdk-docs/pdfstandards/pdfreference1.7old.pdf#G15.2260711>`_
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134 for more details.
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135
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136 MediaBox
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137 The MediaBox defines the size of the physical medium on
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138 which the page is to be printed. It includes items that
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139 will be physically trimmed from the final product like
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140 crop marks, registration marks, etc.
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141
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142 CropBox
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143 The CropBox defines the visible region of the page to
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144 be displayed or printed. This has no real meaning, but
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145 is used to clip the page contents when rendering.
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146
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147 BleedBox
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148 The BleedBox defines the region to which the page
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149 contents expect to be clipped. This includes any extra
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150 bleed area to account for imprecision in the printing
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151 process.
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152
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153 TrimBox
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154 The TrimBox defines the intended dimensions of the
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155 finished page after trimming.
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156
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157 ArtBox
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158 The ArtBox defines the area where it is considered safe
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159 to place graphical elements.
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160
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161 Standard Structure Type
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162
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163 The PDF specification defines how a PDF can specify a logical structure
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164 hierarchy of elements, similar to of HTML or XML. Each of the
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165 `defined structure elements <https://opensource.adobe.com/dc-acrobat-sdk-docs/pdfstandards/pdfreference1.7old.pdf#G15.2259688>`_,
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166 e.g. Div, BlockQuote, P, H1-H6 etc., are associated with some visual
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167 content.
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168
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169 Line Ending Style
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170
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171 Styles used to draw line endings for certain annotations.
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172 Below is an illustration with the name of each style.
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173 The example uses black line color, with both none and
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174 blue interior color.
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175
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176 .. imagesvg:: ../../images/line-ending-styles.svg
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177 :tagtype: object
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178 :width: 75%
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179
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180 Border Style
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181
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182 Annotations have have two border styles:
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183 Solid, Dashed
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184
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185 More fancy borders are defined by the :term:`border effect`.
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186
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187 Border Effect
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188
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189 Fancier borders can be drawn with a border effect:
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190 None, Cloudy
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191
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192 Annotation Type
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193
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194 There are many annotation types defined in the PDF reference.
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195
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196 MuPDF supports the following types:
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197 Text, FreeText, Square, Circle, Line, Polygon,
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198 PolyLine, Highlight, Underline, Squiggly, StrikeOut,
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199 Redact, Stamp, Caret, Ink, Popup, FileAttachment,
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200 Redaction
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201
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202 These types are not supported yet:
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203 Sound, Movie, RichMedia, Widget, Screen, PrinterMark,
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204 TrapNet, Watermark, 3D, Projection
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205
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206 Widget Type
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207
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208 Widgets are a type of annotation.
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209 There are a few different subtypes:
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210
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211 Btn
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212 Pushbutton, Check Boxes, Radio Buttons
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213 Tx
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214 Text Fields
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215 Ch
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216 Choice Fields (list box, combo box)
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217 Sig
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218 Signature Field
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219
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220 Icon Name
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221
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222 Some annotations appear as an icon.
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223 The available icons differ per annotation type.
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224
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225 Text
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226 Comment,
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227 Help,
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228 Insert,
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229 Key,
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230 NewParagraph,
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231 Note,
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232 Paragraph
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233 FileAttachment
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234 Graph,
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235 PaperClip,
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236 PushPin,
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237 Tag
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238 Sound
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239 Mic,
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240 Speaker
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241 Stamp
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242 Approved,
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243 AsIs,
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244 Confidential,
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245 Departmental,
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246 Draft,
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247 Experimental,
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248 Expired,
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249 Final,
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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250 ForComment,
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251 ForPublicRelease,
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252 NotApproved,
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253 NotForPublicRelease,
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254 Sold,
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
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255 TopSecret
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256
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257 MIME-type
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258
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259 A MIME-type is a string describing the type of data.
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260 PDF data has the MIME-type "application/pdf", while
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261 unknown data has the MIME-type
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262 "application/octet-stream". For further details see the
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263 specification that the PDF specification references:
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264 `RFC 2048 - Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
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265 (MIME) Part Two: Media Types
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266 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2048>`_.
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267
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268 Language code
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269
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270 Language codes consists of a primary code, followed
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271 zero or more by subcodes each preceded by a hyphen,
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272 e.g. "en", "en-US", "kr", "zh-CN", "zh-TW".
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273
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274 For further details see the PDF specification's section
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275 on `Language Identifiers
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276 <https://opensource.adobe.com/dc-acrobat-sdk-docs/pdfstandards/pdfreference1.7old.pdf#G15.2262093>`_.
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277
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278 Associated File
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279
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280 TODO
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281
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282 CMYK JPEG
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283
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284 The situation with JPEG and CMYK colorspaces is complicated, and depends on
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Franz Glasner <fzglas.hg@dom66.de>
parents:
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285 many factors such as App markers, the ColorTransform PDF parameter, and whether
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parents:
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286 a JPEG is intended as a standalone or embedded in PDF.
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287
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288 TODO: explain our behavior, and adobe's behavior, and when impossible situations appear